本文選題：城市交通 + 軌道交通�。� 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，城市中機(jī)動(dòng)車的保有量不斷增加。自20世紀(jì)80年代以來，我國許多大中城市都不同程度地存在著交通擁堵、交通事故、環(huán)境污染等城市問題。因此，建立多種交通方式互相協(xié)調(diào)的綜合客運(yùn)交通體系、優(yōu)化完善交通系統(tǒng)功能至關(guān)重要。 近幾年來，，軌道交通修建大規(guī)模興起，逐步形成以軌道交通為骨架的公共交通運(yùn)輸體系。要充分發(fā)揮軌道交通的優(yōu)越性，提高城市居民出行的效率，就要不斷提升各種交通運(yùn)輸方式之間的優(yōu)化銜接，提高換乘效率。各種交通方式的無縫銜接，主要體現(xiàn)在各類設(shè)施的完善性和方便程度，通過建立一體的交通換乘系統(tǒng)，提高城市交通系統(tǒng)的效率，可以減少出行時(shí)空消耗。因此，有必要對城市軌道交通的換乘體系進(jìn)行研究。為此，本文結(jié)合已有的研究成果，在充分分析城市居民出行交通方式選擇的基礎(chǔ)上，從優(yōu)化公交銜接線路發(fā)車時(shí)刻，給居民提供換乘優(yōu)惠等方面進(jìn)行研究，以期從管理、運(yùn)營角度來提高軌道交通與常規(guī)公交換乘效率。文章的主要研究內(nèi)容為： （1）從換乘行為產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理、心理影響及客觀影響因素進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)合軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)下居民出行數(shù)據(jù)分析了交通方式選擇的相關(guān)因素，研究結(jié)果認(rèn)為，居民的交通方式選擇與年齡、職業(yè)、收入、出行目的、支付方式以及時(shí)間和費(fèi)用相關(guān)性比較高，并基于效用最大化原則建立了軌道交通換乘方式選擇模型，從模型分析可知，在交通方式的選擇上，居民更多的還是考慮出行的方便性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 （2）針對軌道交通與常規(guī)公交的特點(diǎn)，分析了銜接空間布局優(yōu)化的機(jī)理，提出換乘銜接空間布局優(yōu)化模型與交通設(shè)計(jì)方法，首先確定銜接換乘空間布局模式，再建立功能區(qū)域空間布局優(yōu)化模型并求解；銜接交通組織與設(shè)計(jì)則是在功能空間均已確定的情況下，對于路徑的選擇與通道的設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)無沖突的銜接。 （3）以有效接駁軌道交通為目標(biāo)，優(yōu)化發(fā)車間隔、縮短乘客換乘時(shí)間，改善公共交通的服務(wù)水平，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩種交通方式之間的銜接優(yōu)化。以乘客的總等待時(shí)間最小和發(fā)車班數(shù)最少為目標(biāo)，以換乘時(shí)間、滿載率、銜接公交發(fā)車間隔等為約束，建立公交銜接發(fā)車時(shí)間優(yōu)化模型，并采用遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解。該模型能在資源配置一定的情況下，較大幅度的提高車輛運(yùn)營效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)常規(guī)公交與軌道交通的有效銜接。 （4）分析了軌道交通出行成本和常規(guī)公交出行成本，要實(shí)現(xiàn)和吸引更多的居民換乘常規(guī)公交，采用票價(jià)的優(yōu)惠的政策，有利于降低換乘乘客的出行成本、優(yōu)化公交票價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)、建立緊密高效的公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系、減少私人交通出行并提升城市交通運(yùn)行效率。論文引入經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中有關(guān)社會福利的概念，在分析軌道交通與常規(guī)公交生產(chǎn)者剩余相關(guān)概念的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了以社會福利（包括消費(fèi)者剩余和生產(chǎn)者剩余）最大化為目標(biāo)，考慮了彈性需求的影響，建立了優(yōu)化函數(shù)，該模型表明實(shí)施換乘優(yōu)惠后，消費(fèi)者剩余和生產(chǎn)者剩余都有增加，兼顧了運(yùn)營企業(yè)和出行者的利益。 （5）軌道交通與常規(guī)公交銜接換乘評價(jià)模型的建立。城市軌道交通與常規(guī)公交的有效銜接換乘，從布局銜接、調(diào)度銜接票及價(jià)銜接三個(gè)方面構(gòu)建綜合評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，在確定出各評價(jià)指標(biāo)及其權(quán)重系數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用廣義效用函數(shù)法，分別計(jì)算出各方案的廣義效用函數(shù)值，建立銜接換乘優(yōu)化方案評價(jià)模型。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, the number of motor vehicles in the city is increasing. Since 1980s, many large and middle cities in China have some urban problems, such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, environmental pollution and so on. Therefore, a comprehensive passenger transport system which is coordinated with each other is established to optimize and improve the traffic. The function of the system is very important.
In recent years, the construction of rail traffic has been built on a large scale, and the public transport system with rail traffic as the skeleton is gradually formed. To give full play to the advantages of rail traffic and to improve the efficiency of urban residents' travel, it is necessary to continuously improve the connection between various transportation modes and improve the transfer efficiency. The seamless rank of various traffic modes It is mainly embodied in the perfection and convenience of all kinds of facilities. Through the establishment of an integrated transportation transfer system, the efficiency of urban transportation system can be improved and the time and space consumption of travel can be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to study the transfer system of urban rail transit. Therefore, this paper, combining the existing research results, analyzes urban residents fully. On the basis of the choice of travel mode, the research is carried out from the aspects of optimizing the departure time of the bus connection line and providing the residents with the transfer preferences in order to improve the transfer efficiency of the rail transit and the conventional bus from the management and operation point of view. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) from the analysis of the mechanism, the psychological influence and the objective influencing factors produced by the transfer behavior, the related factors of the transportation mode selection are analyzed in combination with the travel data under the rail transit network. The results of the study show that the correlation of the choice of traffic mode with age, occupation, income, travel purpose, payment method, and time and cost is compared. High, and based on the principle of utility maximization, the selection model of rail transit transfer mode is set up. From the model analysis, it can be seen that more people still consider the convenience and economy of travel in the choice of traffic mode.
(2) in view of the characteristics of the rail transit and the conventional bus, the mechanism of the optimization of the connecting space layout is analyzed, the spatial layout optimization model and the traffic design method are put forward. First, the spatial layout mode of the connecting transfer is determined, and then the spatial layout optimization model of the functional area is established and solved. The connecting traffic organization and design is in the function empty. With the established conditions, there is no conflict between path selection and channel design.
(3) in order to effectively connect the rail transit as the target, the departure interval, the passenger transfer time, the service level of the public transport are improved, and the connection optimization between the two kinds of traffic modes is realized. The minimum waiting time of the passengers and the least number of traffic classes are taken as the objective, and the constraints of the transfer time, the full load rate and the bus departure interval are established. The model can be solved by genetic algorithm. This model can greatly improve the efficiency of vehicle operation and realize the effective connection between the bus and the rail transit under the condition of a certain resource allocation.
(4) to analyze the travel cost of rail transit and the regular bus travel cost, to realize and attract more residents to transfer to regular bus and to adopt the preferential policy of ticket price, it is beneficial to reduce the travel cost of the passengers, optimize the structure of bus fare, establish a close and efficient public network system, reduce the private transportation and improve the urban exchange. In this paper, the concept of social welfare in economics is introduced. On the basis of the analysis of the concept of the residual correlation between the rail transit and the conventional public transport producer, the objective is to establish the social welfare (including consumer surplus and producer surplus), and the effect of elastic demand is considered, and the optimization function is established. After transfer concessions, both consumer surplus and producer surplus increase, taking into account the interests of operators and travelers.
(5) the establishment of the evaluation model of the link and transfer of the rail transit and the conventional bus. The effective convergence and transfer of urban rail transit and the conventional bus, the comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed from the three aspects of the layout connection, the dispatching connection ticket and the price connection. On the basis of determining each evaluation index and its weight coefficient, the generalized utility function method is used respectively. The generalized utility function values of each scheme are calculated, and the evaluation model of optimal transfer plan is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U12

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