本文選題：特大城市 + 公共交通�。� 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程不斷加快,城鎮(zhèn)人口規(guī)模不斷增長,中國特大城市的發(fā)展面臨越來越大的挑戰(zhàn),特別是不斷加劇的城市擁堵以及空氣污染問題,其中一個重要的因素在于城市機動車的無序增長。中國特大城市的發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實緊迫性決定了必須確立以城市公共交通系統(tǒng)作為城市交通的主體地位。另一方面,中國特大城市的公共交通發(fā)展的實踐存在諸多困局與發(fā)展誤區(qū),其中一個重要原因就是城市公共交通系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃缺乏對一系列的深層次的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)問題的研究,主要包括用地層面、需求層面和供給層面等三個層面的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)問題。因此,本文嘗試在公共交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究框架下對中國特大城市的公共交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行研究分析。從基于公共交通的土地利用優(yōu)化,公共交通出行需求分析和供給協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化三個角度對上述的三個層面的關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行研究。對我國特大城市公共交通系統(tǒng)發(fā)展所面臨的結(jié)構(gòu)性的問題進(jìn)行了一次有益的研究,為公共交通系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃提供了一定的理論基礎(chǔ),對于更好地實現(xiàn)公共交通優(yōu)先發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)具有積極意義。本文主要包括以下研究內(nèi)容：(1)開篇闡明了文章所要研究的關(guān)鍵問題,明確了研究對象,并對已有的國內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)行分類綜述并進(jìn)行述評,對國內(nèi)外特大城市公共交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展的相關(guān)案例進(jìn)行了簡要闡述,為論文的研究提供實證支持；明確特大城市公共交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)所涉及的相關(guān)定義與內(nèi)涵,指出公共交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)除公共交通方式結(jié)構(gòu)之外,應(yīng)當(dāng)基于公共交通供需理論增加涵蓋公共交通出行需求結(jié)構(gòu)和配置供給結(jié)構(gòu)兩個概念。(2)基于公共交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的土地利用優(yōu)化。本文主要針對了公共交通用地層面的用地開發(fā)強度“均勻分布”的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)問題,以土地利用開發(fā)強度為指標(biāo),研究了基于公共交通系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的用地優(yōu)化模型。首先通過構(gòu)建基于微分方程Logistic非線性模型的公共交通與土地利用的互饋分析模型研究了公共交通與土地利用的發(fā)展模式的確定；對基于公共交通的用地價格的空間差異化分布通過建立基于雙層回歸的價格特征模型(BLR-HPM)進(jìn)行研究,為土地開發(fā)的差異化結(jié)構(gòu)性開發(fā)提供經(jīng)濟分析依據(jù)；最后基于前面的研究基礎(chǔ)上,選取了公共交通交通相關(guān)主管運營的政府部門(同時代表用地開發(fā)受益方,公共交通供給方兩者)和公共交通出行者兩個優(yōu)化模型主體,構(gòu)建了基于雙層優(yōu)化模型的公共交通與土地利用的復(fù)合優(yōu)化模型。(3)基于站點用地的公共交通出行需求分析。本文主要針對了公共交通需求分析中的用地因素輸入指標(biāo)的“均質(zhì)化”,而忽略了公交需求本身存在著用地的空間差異化分布的問題。因此本文首先研究利用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型(SEM)揭示了公共交通站點用地會對出行行為(出行距離、出行時間、出行頻率)產(chǎn)生的用地空間差異化的影響關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步以此為基礎(chǔ),提出了基于站點用地空間加權(quán)的公共交通站點直接需求的最小二乘支持向量機(LS-SVM)模型,并通過采用動態(tài)改變慣性權(quán)重的自適應(yīng)粒子群算法(DCW-APSO)對模型進(jìn)行了求解,該模型的提出簡化了樣本數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模,同時提高了模型精度,對于公共交通站點客流量需求分析是有力的模型補充。(4)基于出行鏈的公共交通出行需求分析。本文主要針對了公共交通需求分析中的出行過程分析的“單一化”的問題,偏離了真實出行過程的“鏈?zhǔn)浇Y(jié)構(gòu)”。出行鏈摒棄了傳統(tǒng)交通行為模型中表征每一次出行的單一性和孤立性,真實揭示城市交通出行全過程的連續(xù)性特征。本文通過構(gòu)建基于出行鏈的出行空間分布的最大熵模型和基于出行鏈的出行方式交叉NL組合選擇模型,為出行需求分析提供了更接近真實出行過程和更高模型解釋能力的模型工具。(5)公共交通配置供給結(jié)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化研究。本文主要針對的是公交配置供給過于單一側(cè)重追求某一種公交方式的“單一化”的結(jié)構(gòu)問題。本章從結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化的角度對公共交通的配置供給的總體布局模式,并對各種主要的公共交通方式的供給特性進(jìn)行研究。對于城市軌道交通影響下的常規(guī)道路公交線網(wǎng)的局部優(yōu)化調(diào)整進(jìn)行了雙層優(yōu)化模型的研究,模型結(jié)果通過交通模型軟件分配到實際網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,顯示取得了較好的客流效果。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of urbanization and the continuous growth of urban population, the development of China's megaccities is facing more and more challenges, especially the worsening urban congestion and air pollution. One of the important factors is the unordered growth of urban motor vehicles. The urgency of the development of China's megacities is determined. It is necessary to establish the main position of urban public transport system as urban traffic. On the other hand, there are many misunderstandings and development misunderstandings in the practice of the development of public transport in Chinese megacities. One of the important reasons is that the urban public transportation system planning lacks the research on the key structural problems in the deep level. The key structural problems of three levels, such as the land level, the demand level and the supply level, are included. Therefore, this paper tries to study and analyze the key problems of the public transport system structure in China's megacities under the framework of public transport system structure. This paper studies the key issues of the above three levels by three angles of analysis and supply coordination and optimization. A beneficial study is carried out on the structural problems facing the development of the public transport system in megacities in China, which provides a theoretical basis for public transport system planning to better realize the priority of public transport. The strategic objectives of the exhibition are of positive significance. This article mainly includes the following research contents: (1) the key issues are clarified in the beginning of the article, the object of the study is clarified, and the existing domestic and foreign research is reviewed and reviewed, and the related cases of the development of the public transportation system in large cities at home and abroad are briefly introduced. This paper provides empirical support for the research of the paper, and defines the relevant definitions and connotations of the structure of the public transportation system in megacities, and points out that the public transport system structure, in addition to the public transport mode, should be based on two concepts, which are based on the theory of public transportation supply and demand, to cover the demand structure and the allocation structure of public transportation. 2) land use optimization based on public transportation system structure. This paper focuses on the key structure problem of "uniform distribution" of land use development intensity on the land level of public transportation. The land use and development intensity is used as the index to study the land use optimization model based on the structure of public transportation system. First, the differential equation Logis is constructed. The mutual feed analysis model of public transport and land use of TiC nonlinear model studies the development model of public transportation and land use; the spatial differentiation distribution of land price based on public transportation is studied by building a price characteristic model based on double regression (BLR-HPM), for the differential structure of land development In the end, based on the previous research, two optimization models of public transportation and transportation are selected, such as land development beneficiaries, public transport providers, and public traffic travelers, and the public transportation and soil based on the double layer optimization model are constructed. The complex optimization model of land use. (3) the analysis of public transportation travel demand based on site land. This paper mainly focuses on the "homogenization" of the input index of land use factors in the analysis of public transportation demand, and neglects the problem of spatial differentiation distribution in the use of the bus demand itself. The process model (SEM) reveals the impact of land space differences on travel behavior (travel distance, travel time, travel frequency). Based on this, the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) model of direct demand for public transport sites based on site space is proposed. The adaptive particle swarm optimization (DCW-APSO) is used to solve the model, which simplifies the size of the sample data and improves the model accuracy. The analysis of the passenger traffic demand in public traffic stations is a powerful model supplement. (4) the travel demand analysis based on the travel chain. This paper mainly focuses on the "simplification" problem in the analysis of travel process in the analysis of public transportation demand, and deviates from the "chain structure" of the real trip process. The trip chain abandons the singleness and isolation of each trip in the traditional traffic behavior model, and reveals the continuity of the whole process of urban traffic travel. The maximum entropy model of travel space distribution based on travel chain and the cross NL combination selection model based on trip chain are constructed, which provides a model tool for travel demand analysis which is closer to the real trip process and higher model interpretation ability. (5) the coordination and optimization of the supply structure for public transportation allocation is studied in this paper. It is the "simplification" structure problem that the supply of public transport is too single to pursue a kind of public transport mode. This chapter from the angle of structure coordination and optimization of the overall layout of the distribution of public transport supply model, and Research on the supply characteristics of the main public transport mode. The local optimization of the road bus network is studied by the double optimization model. The results of the model are allocated to the actual network by the traffic model software, which shows the better effect of passenger flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U12

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