本文選題：土巖組合地層 + 拱蓋法隧道��； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：目前，城市交通擁擠問(wèn)題愈發(fā)明顯，而地鐵以其綠色環(huán)保、準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)迅捷、運(yùn)載量大、能耗低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被認(rèn)為是解決城市擁擠問(wèn)題的最有力手段。我國(guó)目前修建地鐵的城市有20多座，青島全市規(guī)劃城市軌道交通線19條，目前在建的有3條，但由于施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)的不足以及地層環(huán)境的復(fù)雜多變，建設(shè)工期無(wú)法保證。阻礙青島市地鐵建設(shè)工期的一個(gè)重要因素就是大跨度暗挖車站的建設(shè)。暗挖法施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大、工作面少且小等缺點(diǎn)，導(dǎo)致青島地鐵多處暗挖車站工期滯后。拱蓋法相比較其他暗挖工法，更能合理地利用青島地區(qū)土巖組合的地層特性，達(dá)到高效施工、節(jié)約成本、縮短工期的效果。但同時(shí)，拱蓋法的施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素存在于分部開挖、初支架設(shè)、臨時(shí)支撐拆除等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中，且一旦發(fā)生事故后果嚴(yán)重。為了在青島地區(qū)推廣拱蓋法，有必要對(duì)其施工過(guò)程進(jìn)行全面細(xì)致的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析及評(píng)估。本文以青島土巖組合地層為研究背景，對(duì)土巖組合地層環(huán)境下拱蓋法隧道施工動(dòng)態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估進(jìn)行研究。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： (1)拱蓋法在土巖組合復(fù)雜地層環(huán)境中的適用性研究。研究表明：從控制圍巖變形的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)角度來(lái)看，拱蓋法要優(yōu)于臺(tái)階法和雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬手段，對(duì)拱蓋法施工圍巖適用性進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)果表明：拱腳處圍巖條件相同時(shí)，拱頂沉降隨埋深的增加而減��；當(dāng)埋深相同時(shí)，拱腳處圍巖條件對(duì)地表沉降的影響不大；拱腳座落在中風(fēng)化巖層時(shí)，拱頂和地表沉降均處于安全范圍內(nèi)。 (2)拱蓋法施工的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源篩選。采用專家調(diào)查法，篩選出拱蓋法施工主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源，即開挖工序、支撐拆除以及施工對(duì)周邊環(huán)境的影響。 (3)拱蓋法隧道開挖過(guò)程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。采用數(shù)值計(jì)算與模型試驗(yàn)的方法對(duì)拱蓋法施工過(guò)程中圍巖壓力變化及土體變形特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究，研究表明：上斷面開挖過(guò)程中中導(dǎo)洞開挖造成的位移最大，下斷面開挖圍巖變形幾乎不發(fā)展，中洞開挖~施做拱部二襯完成階段為變形發(fā)展最急劇階段；在掌子面推進(jìn)過(guò)程中，監(jiān)測(cè)斷面各部位圍巖荷載的釋放過(guò)程具有較大差異性，拱部圍巖荷載相比于拱腳和邊墻釋放更快，且幅度更大。采用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)開挖過(guò)程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估：中洞開挖階段風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為A級(jí)，拆除豎撐~施做拱部二襯階段風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為B級(jí)，右導(dǎo)洞開挖階段風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為C級(jí)，左導(dǎo)洞開挖階段風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為D級(jí)，下斷面圍巖開挖階段等級(jí)為E級(jí)。 (4)拱蓋法支撐拆除風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。首先針對(duì)青島土巖組合地區(qū)拱蓋法施工特點(diǎn)，總結(jié)了適用于拱蓋法隧道的拆撐過(guò)程永久初期支護(hù)安全控制方法；然后根據(jù)數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果，對(duì)各拆撐方案進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分級(jí)，建議現(xiàn)場(chǎng)拆撐采用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)級(jí)別較小的方案3，即從兩側(cè)向中間間隔對(duì)稱拆撐。 (5)拱蓋法施工對(duì)周邊環(huán)境的影響及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。首先針對(duì)青島土巖組合地區(qū)拱蓋法隧道的施工特點(diǎn)，總結(jié)了適用于拱蓋法隧道分部開挖的位移控制機(jī)理；其次采用模型試驗(yàn)的方法對(duì)大斷面拱蓋法施工隧道圍巖漸進(jìn)性塌方破壞機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究，研究結(jié)果表明：在豎向超載條件下，隧道圍巖破壞區(qū)域呈漸進(jìn)擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)，無(wú)支護(hù)段圍巖最先發(fā)生破壞，然后依次擴(kuò)展至初噴混凝土豎撐段和二襯施做段，最終破壞區(qū)面積順次由大到�。凰矶雌茐膮^(qū)均主要集中在各段拱頂部位，，是襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)破壞和圍巖塌落的主要來(lái)源，拱腳及邊墻部位未見明顯破壞。然后基于實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估，用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo)法作了計(jì)算，根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)巡視模型，評(píng)價(jià)拱蓋法隧道施工的安全狀態(tài)，把對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的影響降到最低，得出了適用于青島拱蓋法隧道施工的各監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警值和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)巡視預(yù)警標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 (6)綜合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估模型的工程應(yīng)用。利用層次分析法，對(duì)拱蓋法隧道施工主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行權(quán)重分配，綜合考慮各項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，建立綜合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估模型并在某車站中成功應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:At present, the problem of urban traffic congestion is becoming more and more obvious, and the subway is considered to be the most powerful means to solve the problem of urban congestion because of its green environmental protection, rapid transit, heavy load and low energy consumption. There are more than 20 cities in China at present, 19 in Qingdao City, and 3 in construction at present. The shortage of working experience and the complex and changeable formation environment, the construction period can not be guaranteed. One important factor hindering the construction period of the subway in Qingdao is the construction of the large span dug station. The construction risk of the dark excavation method is large and the working face is small and small, which leads to the lag of the time period of the underground excavation stations in Qingdao Metro. The arch cover method compares the other dark ways. The excavation method can make use of the stratigraphic characteristics of the soil rock combination in Qingdao more reasonably, to achieve efficient construction, save cost and shorten the effect of the construction period. At the same time, the construction risk factors of the arch cover method exist in various links such as subsection excavation, initial support erection, temporary support dismantling and so on, and once the accident consequences are serious. In order to spread in Qingdao area It is necessary to carry out comprehensive and meticulous risk analysis and evaluation on the construction process of the arch cover. This paper studies the dynamic risk assessment of the construction of the tunnel under the combined stratum of soil and rock under the environment of the combined soil and rock formation in Qingdao. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) the applicability of the arch cover method in the complex stratum environment of the soil rock combination. The study shows that the arch cover method is superior to the step method and the two side wall guide method from the angle of controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock. The application of the surrounding rock in the construction of the arch cover method is analyzed by the numerical simulation method. The result shows that the vault is the same when the surrounding rock conditions are the same. The settlement decreases with the increase of buried depth, while the surrounding rock conditions at the arch foot have little effect on the surface settlement while the arch foot is located in the medium weathered rock layer, and the vault and surface settlement are in a safe range.
(2) screening the main risk sources of the arch cover method construction. By using the expert investigation method, the main risk sources of the arch cover method are screened out, that is, the excavation process, the support demolition and the influence of the construction on the surrounding environment.
(3) the risk assessment of tunnel excavation process of arch cover method. Numerical calculation and model test are used to study the changes of surrounding rock pressure and soil deformation during the construction process of the arch cover method. The study shows that the displacement of the middle tunnel in the process of upper section excavation is the largest, the deformation of the surrounding rock is almost not developed, and the middle cave excavation is applied to the tunnel. At the completion stage of the two lining of the arch, it is the most dramatic stage of deformation development, and the release process of the surrounding rock load of each part of the monitoring section is quite different during the process of pushing the face of the palm, and the load of the surrounding rock of the arch is faster and larger than the arch foot and the side wall. The risk assessment of the excavation process by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method: the opening of the middle hole. The risk grade of the excavation stage is grade A, and the risk grade of the two lining phase of the two stage is C, the risk grade of the right diversion stage is D, the risk grade of the left guide tunnel is grade D, and the grade of the lower section of the surrounding rock is E grade.
(4) the arch cover method to support the risk assessment of demolition. Firstly, according to the construction characteristics of the arch cover method in Qingdao soil rock combination area, this paper summarizes the permanent initial support safety control method suitable for the arch cover method tunnel opening process, and then according to the numerical calculation results, the risk classification is carried out for the dismantling schemes. Case 3, that is, the symmetrically dismantling from both sides to the middle interval.
(5) the influence of the arch cover method on the surrounding environment and the risk assessment. Firstly, according to the construction characteristics of the arch cover tunnel in Qingdao soil rock combination area, the displacement control mechanism suitable for the subsection excavation of the arch cover tunnel is summarized. Secondly, the model test method is used to carry out the progressive collapse mechanism of the surrounding rock of the tunnel under the large section arch cover method. The research results show that under the vertical overloading condition, the surrounding rock failure area of the tunnel is gradually expanding, and the surrounding rock of the non supporting section first breaks down, and then extends to the initial spraying concrete vertical bracing section and the two lining section, and the area of the final destruction area is from large to small, and the tunnel failure area is mainly concentrated in the different sections of the vault. The main source of lining structure destruction and surrounding rock collapse is not obvious damage. Then the dynamic risk assessment is carried out based on the measured data, and the risk index method is used to calculate. According to the measured data analysis, the site inspection model is used to evaluate the safety state of the tunnel construction in the arch cover method, and to minimize the influence on the surrounding environment. The risk early-warning value and risk inspection and early warning standard of each monitoring project applicable to Qingdao arch tunnel construction are presented.
(6) the engineering application of the comprehensive risk assessment model. By using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the main risk factors of the tunnel construction are weighted, and the risk factors are taken into consideration, and the comprehensive risk assessment model is established and applied successfully in a station.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U455

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