本文選題：動態(tài)稱重 + 壓電薄膜��； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：超限超載現(xiàn)象已嚴(yán)重危害到公路橋梁的安全性和使用壽命。交通部門為了加強(qiáng)對超限超載車輛的管理和實(shí)際交通數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計，對動態(tài)稱重（WIM）提出了越來越高的要求。目前市場上運(yùn)用的動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)均存在過車速度不高，靈敏度差，精度低等諸多問題。而且研究證明，車輛輪跡線在橋梁橫斷面上的橫向位置影響著橋梁的結(jié)構(gòu)行為，是橋梁荷載的一個重要參數(shù)。因此，建立一種能識別車輛輪跡線橫向位置、靈敏度高的高速動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)，對有效維護(hù)重要公路及橋梁的安全運(yùn)營具有重要意義。 本文基于靈敏度高、穩(wěn)定性好的壓電薄膜軸傳感器，通過合理設(shè)計傳感器的布設(shè)方式，即首次采用三根傳感器以“N”形布設(shè)在車道中，研發(fā)了一套可檢測車輛輪跡線橫向位置的動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)�；贚abview的編程平臺，設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的分析軟件。研發(fā)的動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)不僅可以提高動態(tài)稱重測量精度，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)對車輛輪跡線橫向位置的檢測，也可為交通部門對交通數(shù)據(jù)的調(diào)查提供一種新的簡單實(shí)用的方法。 論文的主要工作如下： 1.詳細(xì)闡述了壓電薄膜軸傳感器的壓電特性和壓電原理，介紹了為保證傳感器稱重精度，在傳感器安裝及運(yùn)用時應(yīng)該注意的問題。針對環(huán)境溫度的變化會導(dǎo)致傳感器壓電常數(shù)、體電阻和彈性模量的變化，造成稱重結(jié)果的誤差，提出了溫度的補(bǔ)償公式。 2.考慮到車輛的附加動荷載以及壓電薄膜軸傳感器的稱重特點(diǎn)，提出了優(yōu)于峰值法的面積積分方法對車輛參數(shù)進(jìn)行識別計算。 3.通過合理設(shè)計壓電薄膜軸傳感器的布設(shè)方式，研發(fā)設(shè)計了一套可識別車輛輪跡線位置的動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)。利用Labview編程語言，對稱重系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了軟件開發(fā)，能對采集的信號進(jìn)行計算得到車輛速度、軸重、總重、軸距、輪跡線橫向位置等數(shù)據(jù)。 4.在實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計了試驗(yàn)方案，，驗(yàn)證了所研發(fā)的動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)算法的可行性。以黃山市占川河橋?yàn)楸尘�，現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證所研發(fā)的壓電薄膜軸動態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)，并詳細(xì)討論了系統(tǒng)在現(xiàn)場安裝所應(yīng)該注意的問題。實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，系統(tǒng)具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性，精度滿足工程要求。
[Abstract]:Overloading phenomenon has seriously endangered the safety and service life of highway bridges. In order to strengthen the management of overloaded vehicles and the statistics of actual traffic data, traffic departments put forward higher and higher requirements for dynamic weighing WIMs. At present, the dynamic weighing system used in the market has many problems, such as low speed, low sensitivity, low precision and so on. It is proved that the transverse position of vehicle wheel track on the cross section of the bridge affects the structural behavior of the bridge and is an important parameter of the bridge load. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a high speed dynamic weighing system which can recognize the lateral position of vehicle wheel track and has high sensitivity to maintain the safe operation of important highways and bridges. In this paper, based on the piezoelectric thin film axis sensor with high sensitivity and good stability, three sensors are used in the driveway for the first time through the reasonable design of the sensor layout, which is the first time that three sensors are used in the driveway with "N" shape. A dynamic weighing system which can detect the lateral position of vehicle wheel track is developed. Based on the programming platform of Labview, the analysis software of the system is designed. The developed dynamic weighing system can not only improve the measuring accuracy of dynamic weighing, but also realize the detection of lateral position of vehicle wheel track, and also provide a new simple and practical method for traffic data investigation in traffic department. The main work of the thesis is as follows: 1. The piezoelectric characteristics and piezoelectric principle of piezoelectric thin film axis sensor are described in detail. The problems that should be paid attention to in the installation and application of the sensor in order to ensure the weighing accuracy of the sensor are introduced. In view of the error of weighing result caused by the change of ambient temperature, piezoelectric constant, bulk resistance and elastic modulus of the sensor, the compensation formula of temperature is put forward. 2. Considering the additional dynamic load of the vehicle and the weighing characteristics of the piezoelectric thin film axle sensor, an area integral method which is superior to the peak value method is proposed to identify and calculate the vehicle parameters. 3. A dynamic weighing system which can identify the position of vehicle wheel track is developed and designed by reasonably designing the configuration of piezoelectric thin film shaft sensor. By using Labview programming language, the symmetrical weight system is developed, which can calculate the vehicle speed, axle load, total weight, wheelbase, transverse position of wheel trace and so on. 4. The experimental scheme is designed in the laboratory to verify the feasibility of the developed dynamic weighing system and system algorithm. Based on the Jinchuan River Bridge in Huangshan City, the piezoelectric film shaft dynamic weighing system developed in the field test is verified, and the problems that should be paid attention to when the system is installed in the field are discussed in detail. The results of laboratory and field tests show that the system has good stability and reliability, and the precision meets the requirements of engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U492.321

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