本文選題：山區(qū)高速公路 + 眼動(dòng)試驗(yàn)�。� 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：山區(qū)高速公路往往具有線形復(fù)雜、人工構(gòu)造物較多、空間變換頻繁等特點(diǎn),同時(shí)公路沿線又具有極為豐富的景觀資源,這就需要充分掌握駕駛員的視覺感興趣區(qū)域和心理特征,通過合理的景觀營造改善駕駛員視覺環(huán)境,提高道路交通安全。因此,開展駕駛員的視點(diǎn)分布特征及景觀營造技術(shù)的研究,對(duì)提高山區(qū)高速公路運(yùn)營安全和美化視覺環(huán)境具有非常重要的意義。 本文在總結(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)視覺特征的相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)上,通過對(duì)駕駛員眼動(dòng)行為的分析,確定將瞳孔直徑作為心理狀態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),以XY視角以及注視次數(shù)百分比、注視時(shí)間百分比以及平均注視時(shí)間作為駕駛員視點(diǎn)分布指標(biāo)。通過室外實(shí)車實(shí)驗(yàn),利用眼動(dòng)儀記錄眼動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)試驗(yàn)?zāi)康膶⒙范蝿澐譃槿N典型空間路段(開敞空間、半郁閉空間、郁閉空間)和四種特殊路段(彎道段、路塹邊坡段、隧道進(jìn)口段、立交匝道段),依據(jù)XY視角將駕駛員注視區(qū)域劃分為七個(gè)感興趣區(qū)域,得到了三種典型空間環(huán)境以及四種特殊路段的駕駛員視點(diǎn)分布特征,分析總結(jié)了山區(qū)高速公路景觀營造對(duì)策,并以銅遵高速公路為例提出了景觀營造方案。 通過本文的研究得到：駕駛員主要關(guān)注中間區(qū)域的中央分隔帶部位；三種空間視點(diǎn)分布各不相同,開敞空間駕駛員視點(diǎn)分布均勻且心理感受較好,空間景觀營造應(yīng)注重各空間的和諧過渡；彎道半徑越小,駕駛員越關(guān)注彎道內(nèi)側(cè)；在路側(cè)有邊坡的情況下,駕駛員較關(guān)注于邊坡下部；削竹式洞門觀感較好且駕駛員主要關(guān)注于洞內(nèi),端墻式洞門則主要關(guān)注端墻及周圍區(qū)域；環(huán)圈式匝道感受要好于半定向式匝道,環(huán)圈式匝道視點(diǎn)分布集中于彎道內(nèi)側(cè),半定向式匝道的左轉(zhuǎn)段和右轉(zhuǎn)段都較關(guān)注左側(cè)區(qū)域。針對(duì)不同特征路段應(yīng)采取不同的景觀營造對(duì)策,可通過減小結(jié)構(gòu)物體量、改變表面材質(zhì)肌理、利用植物弱化硬質(zhì)景觀等方式,或運(yùn)用綠化來引導(dǎo)、遮蔽、提示駕駛員的視線,以求創(chuàng)造出愉悅舒適的行車視覺環(huán)境,提高交通安全。 本文研究所獲得的成果有利于進(jìn)一步完善公路景觀營造方法,為高速公路建設(shè)提供借鑒與指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Mountainous expressway often has the characteristics of complex linear shape, more artificial structures, frequent spatial changes, and so on. At the same time, there are abundant landscape resources along the highway, so it is necessary to fully grasp the region of visual interest and psychological characteristics of drivers. Through reasonable landscape construction to improve the driver's visual environment, improve the road traffic safety. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the characteristics of driver's view distribution and landscape construction technology to improve the safety of highway operation and beautify the visual environment in mountainous area. On the basis of summarizing the relevant theories of dynamic visual characteristics and analyzing the eye movement behavior of the driver, this paper determines that the pupil diameter is regarded as the evaluation index of mental state, and the percentage of fixation times and the angle of view of XY are used to evaluate the mental state of the driver. The percentage of fixation time and the average fixation time were used as indicators of the driver's viewpoint distribution. Through outdoor real vehicle experiment, eye movement data were recorded by eye movement instrument. According to the purpose of the experiment, the section was divided into three typical space sections (open space, semi-closed space, closed space) and four special sections (bend section, cutting slope section). According to the XY angle of view, the driver's gaze area is divided into seven regions of interest, and three typical spatial environments and four special sections of view distribution characteristics of the driver's viewpoint are obtained. This paper analyzes and summarizes the landscape construction countermeasures of mountain expressway, and puts forward the landscape construction plan taking Tongzun expressway as an example. Through the research of this paper, it is concluded that the driver mainly pays attention to the central separation zone in the middle area, the distribution of the three kinds of spatial viewpoints is different, the view distribution of the open space driver is even and the psychological feeling is good. Spatial landscape construction should pay attention to the harmonious transition of each space; the smaller the curve radius, the more attention the driver pays to the inner side of the bend; in the case of side slope, the driver pays more attention to the lower part of the slope. The bamboo door has a better perception and the driver is mainly concerned with the end wall and the surrounding area, the loop ramp is better than the semi-directional ramp, and the view point of the loop type ramp is concentrated on the inner side of the bend, while the end wall door is mainly concerned with the end wall and the surrounding area, and the view point of the loop type ramp is better than that of the semi-directional ramp. The left and right sections of the semi-directional ramp are more concerned with the left region. Different landscape construction measures should be adopted in different road sections with different characteristics, such as reducing the amount of structural objects, changing the texture of the surface material, using plants to weaken the hard landscape, or using greening to guide, shield, and prompt the driver's line of sight. In order to create a pleasant and comfortable visual environment, improve traffic safety. The results obtained in this paper are helpful to further improve the method of highway landscape construction and provide reference and guidance for highway construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.25;U418.9

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本文編號(hào)：1972743