本文選題：沖擊系數(shù) + 動態(tài)響應��； 參考：《中國民航大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前常用的橋梁結構檢測方法可分為：靜載試驗法、動載試驗法。靜載試驗法發(fā)展較早，相關理論、技術比較成熟，但存在檢測成本高、耗費時間長、需要中斷交通等缺點。動載試驗法檢測成本低、檢測時間短、無需中斷交通，能夠快速準確對橋梁結構力學性能做出分析，但是動載試驗法發(fā)展較晚，部分理論及測試技術尚不成熟。通過動載試驗方法對橋梁結構做出快速準確的分析是目前橋梁結構檢測研究的熱點。 在河北省交通科技基金項目、國家超級計算天津中心（NSCC）以及安世亞太公司的共同支持下，本文對如何通過動載試驗方法對橋梁結構承載能力做出快速評價進行研究�；陟o載試驗中利用結構校驗系數(shù)對橋梁承載能力進行評價的方法，提出依據(jù)動載試驗位移值和橋梁結構沖擊系數(shù)計算靜載試驗位移值，從而達到通過動載試驗方法獲取橋梁結構校驗系數(shù)的目的，實現(xiàn)結構承載能力快速評價。 橋梁結構動位移值可通過高精度傳感器獲得，而沖擊系數(shù)的影響因素很多，，各因素間關系復雜。因此，本文對橋梁結構動態(tài)響應下沖擊系數(shù)問題進行了詳盡分析，研究了車輛行駛速度、橋面平整度、橋梁結構剛度、橋梁結構形式對沖擊系數(shù)的影響。針對橋面平整度現(xiàn)場準確測量難度大、隨機性強以及對沖擊系數(shù)影響不可忽略的難題，提出標準能量沖擊試驗方法即采用標準加載車勻速通過橋梁并在跨中位置進行跳車。計算結果表明，跳車試驗能夠有效壓制平整度對沖擊系數(shù)的影響，通過此方法獲得的沖擊系數(shù)僅與橋梁結構剛度及橋梁結構形式有關。 跳車試驗的本質是通過跳車的大沖擊作用壓制橋面不平整引起的小沖擊作用。因此，跳車試驗導致橋梁結構產(chǎn)生劇烈振動，沖擊系數(shù)較大。跳車高度為5-15cm時有限元分析得到的橋梁結構跨中位移沖擊系數(shù)約是通常情況下沖擊系數(shù)的2-3倍。針對這一問題，進行了大量室內(nèi)跳車試驗及現(xiàn)場橋梁跳車試驗，試驗結果驗證了有限元分析方法的準確性。 依據(jù)有限元分析得到的跳車條件下沖擊系數(shù)與橋梁一階頻率的關系式。通過測量橋梁結構一階頻率和動位移信號就可實現(xiàn)橋梁結構靜位移的快速計算，為使用校驗系數(shù)法評價橋梁結構承載能力提供了新途徑。
[Abstract]:The commonly used bridge structure testing methods can be divided into static load test method and dynamic load test method. The static load test method was developed earlier, and the related theory and technology are mature, but it has the disadvantages of high detection cost, long time consumption and the need to interrupt traffic. The dynamic load test method has the advantages of low cost, short detection time, no need to interrupt traffic, and can analyze the mechanical properties of bridge structure quickly and accurately. However, the dynamic load test method is developed late, and some theories and testing techniques are not mature. Rapid and accurate analysis of bridge structure by dynamic load test method is the hot spot of bridge structure detection. With the support of Hebei Communication Science and Technology Foundation, National Super Computing Tianjin Center (NSCCC) and Anshi Asia Pacific Company, this paper studies how to quickly evaluate the bearing capacity of bridge structure by dynamic load test method. Based on the method of evaluating the bearing capacity of the bridge by using the check coefficient of the structure in the static load test, the displacement value of the static load test is calculated according to the displacement value of the dynamic load test and the impact coefficient of the bridge structure. Thus, the purpose of obtaining the check coefficient of bridge structure by dynamic load test method is achieved, and the rapid evaluation of bearing capacity of bridge structure is realized. The dynamic displacement of bridge structure can be obtained by high precision sensor, but the impact coefficient has a lot of influence factors, and the relationship between each factor is complex. Therefore, the impact coefficient of bridge structure under dynamic response is analyzed in detail, and the effects of vehicle driving speed, deck smoothness, bridge structure stiffness and bridge structure form on impact coefficient are studied in this paper. Aiming at the difficult problem of accurate measurement of bridge deck smoothness on the spot, strong randomness and the influence on impact coefficient, a standard energy impact test method is put forward, that is, the standard loading vehicle is used to pass the bridge at uniform speed and jump at the mid-span position. The results show that the effect of smoothness on the impact coefficient can be suppressed effectively, and the impact coefficient obtained by this method is only related to the stiffness of the bridge structure and the form of the bridge structure. The essence of jumping test is to suppress the small impact caused by bridge deck unevenness. Therefore, the jump test results in violent vibration of the bridge structure and high impact coefficient. When the jump height is 5-15cm, the displacement impact coefficient of bridge structure is about 2-3 times higher than that under normal conditions. In order to solve this problem, a large number of indoor jumping tests and field bridge jumping tests have been carried out, and the accuracy of the finite element analysis method has been verified by the test results. According to the finite element analysis, the relation between the shock coefficient and the first order frequency of the bridge is obtained. By measuring the first order frequency and the dynamic displacement signal of the bridge structure, the fast calculation of the static displacement of the bridge structure can be realized, which provides a new way to evaluate the bearing capacity of the bridge structure by using the check coefficient method.
【學位授予單位】：中國民航大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U441.3

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本文編號：1958126