本文選題：交通流模型 + 元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)�。� 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：交通系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)包含人、車、路的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)，在整體上具有宏觀特性的同時(shí)，其內(nèi)部各個(gè)要素之間又有著不同的個(gè)體差異和一定的隨機(jī)性，這些特性與元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)自身具有的特點(diǎn)十分相近。為此，本文將元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)理論引入到交通流領(lǐng)域，通過對(duì)微觀交通流的建模與仿真，以揭示交通流內(nèi)在特性與演化機(jī)理。 本文在Nagel-Schreckenberg一維單車道元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型（簡(jiǎn)稱NS模型）和交通流流量、速度、密度關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了一種考慮單個(gè)車輛速度受交通流密度影響的一維元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)單車道微觀交通流模型。該模型根據(jù)單車道交通流密度的實(shí)時(shí)變化，能夠自適應(yīng)地判斷道路處于自由流狀態(tài)、亞穩(wěn)態(tài)、還是處于擁堵狀態(tài)。對(duì)所有速度為零的車輛引入了慢啟動(dòng)規(guī)則，針對(duì)自由流狀態(tài)和其它狀態(tài)（包括亞穩(wěn)態(tài)、擁堵狀態(tài)）提出了不同的速度更新規(guī)則。在自由流狀態(tài)時(shí)，采用自由流速度更新規(guī)則，車輛受隨機(jī)慢化影響較小，通過估計(jì)前車速度，解決了NS模型中模擬車速小于實(shí)際車速的問題。在其它狀態(tài)時(shí)，，采用保守的速度更新規(guī)則，通過改進(jìn)隨機(jī)慢化規(guī)則，降低了車輛速度。該模型有利于提升模擬交通量，可以更加真實(shí)的體現(xiàn)單車道交通流特性。 通過MATLAB編程實(shí)現(xiàn)單車道微觀交通流的時(shí)空?qǐng)D模擬，結(jié)果表明，該模型能夠較好的再現(xiàn)單車道自由流、亞穩(wěn)態(tài)、擁堵擴(kuò)散等現(xiàn)象，與NS模型、近似考慮前車速度效應(yīng)的模型（簡(jiǎn)稱VE模型）相比，該模型在自由流狀態(tài)和其它狀態(tài)的平均交通流速度以及交通流量有顯著的提升。該模型的建立對(duì)研究單車道交通流特性具有重要意義，有利于進(jìn)一步研究交通擁堵問題。
[Abstract]:The transportation system is a complex system that includes people, cars and roads. It has macroscopic characteristics as a whole, and at the same time, there are different individual differences and certain randomness among the various elements of the transportation system. These characteristics are very similar to those of cellular automata. Therefore, the cellular automata theory is introduced into the traffic flow field, and the intrinsic characteristics and evolution mechanism of the traffic flow are revealed by modeling and simulation of the microscopic traffic flow. This paper is based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg one-dimensional cellular automaton model (NS model) and the relationship among traffic flow, speed and density. A one-dimensional cellular automaton single-lane microscopic traffic flow model considering the influence of single vehicle speed on traffic flow density is established. According to the real time change of single lane traffic density, the model can adaptively determine whether the road is in a free flow state, a metastable state, or a congested state. The slow start rule is introduced for all vehicles with zero speed, and different speed update rules are proposed for free flow state and other states (including metastable state and congestion state). In the free flow condition, the free flow velocity updating rule is adopted, and the vehicle is less affected by the random slowing down. By estimating the speed of the vehicle in front of the vehicle, the problem that the simulated speed in NS model is less than the actual speed is solved. In other states, conservative speed updating rules are adopted, and the vehicle speed is reduced by improving the stochastic moderating rule. The model is helpful to enhance the simulated traffic volume, and can more truly reflect the characteristics of single lane traffic flow. The spatiotemporal simulation of single-lane microscopic traffic flow is realized by MATLAB programming. The results show that the model can reproduce the phenomena of single-lane free flow, metastable state, congestion diffusion and so on, compared with NS model. Compared with the VE model, the average flow velocity and traffic flow rate of the free flow state and other states are significantly improved. The establishment of the model is of great significance to the study of the flow characteristics of single lane traffic and is beneficial to the further study of traffic congestion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP301.1;U491.112

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本文編號(hào)：1951863