基于縮尺模型的橋式抓斗卸船機安全評估研究
本文選題:卸船機 + 相似準則; 參考:《廣東海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:橋式抓斗卸船機在作業(yè)過程中存在反復(fù)啟動和制動,各結(jié)構(gòu)件經(jīng)常承受比較強烈的振動和沖擊,所以,整體鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的強度計算和穩(wěn)定性控制變得非常重要。但是,由于卸船機結(jié)構(gòu)龐大、工作環(huán)境惡劣,受到人力、經(jīng)濟和設(shè)備能力的限制,現(xiàn)場試驗難以組織。為了以較低的試驗成本,為卸船機的設(shè)計、制造、維護和維修等提供相關(guān)理論依據(jù)和試驗數(shù)據(jù),本論文以湛江港在役的2250t/h型橋式抓斗卸船機(以下簡稱卸船機)為具體研究對象,對其開展靜力與動力相似理論分析、縮尺模型設(shè)計與制作、三維有限元建模與仿真以及模型試驗等系統(tǒng)研究。具體方法、結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下: 通過大量收集國內(nèi)外港口起重機的相關(guān)資料,系統(tǒng)了解港口起重機研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢;實地勘查2250t/h型橋式抓斗卸船機,掌握該型號卸船機的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)組成、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)和載荷類型等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)相似原理,運用量綱分析法推導(dǎo)該卸船機在多種因素影響下的靜力和動力相似準則,為其縮尺模型的設(shè)計、制作以及相似性判定提供理論依據(jù)。 綜合卸船機的靜力和動力相似理論分析結(jié)果,,完成其1:40縮尺模型的設(shè)計,并用Pro/E畫出整體裝配圖和所有零件圖,最后選用合適的型材制作卸船機鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的實物縮尺模型,為后面的模型試驗研究打下了基礎(chǔ)。 在完成卸船機鋼結(jié)構(gòu)縮尺模型的設(shè)計和制作基礎(chǔ)上,用Pro/E分別建立了卸船機原型及其縮尺模型的三維實體模型,并導(dǎo)入Ansys Workbench建立兩者的三維有限元模型。首先,對兩者分別進行了結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析,比較兩者的應(yīng)力場和應(yīng)變場,驗證了靜力相似準則的正確性;其次,對兩者分別進行了模態(tài)分析,對比兩者的模態(tài)振型和模態(tài)頻率,驗證了動力相似準則的正確性。以上研究為卸船機的設(shè)計、制造和維護提供相關(guān)理論依據(jù)。 根據(jù)卸船機原型及其縮尺模型的有限元分析結(jié)果,對制作出的卸船機鋼結(jié)構(gòu)縮尺模型開展了應(yīng)力應(yīng)變特性研究和模態(tài)試驗研究:通過應(yīng)力應(yīng)變特性試驗研究,獲得了模型俯仰梁與前拉桿上5個測點在滿載荷的抓斗從抓料位置運動至卸料位置過程中的應(yīng)變-時間歷程曲線,將試驗結(jié)果與有限元結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析結(jié)果對比,吻合較好,驗證了卸船機縮尺模型的合理性和結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析結(jié)果的正確性;通過模態(tài)試驗研究,獲得了模型俯仰梁端部、主梁端部和塔架最高處三個測點的三向振動幅頻特性曲線,識別得出各測點在三個方向上的固有頻率,與縮尺模型的有限元模態(tài)分析結(jié)果吻合較好,驗證了模型的合理性和模態(tài)分析結(jié)果的正確性。 綜合以上研究,得出結(jié)論:本文設(shè)計制造的卸船機縮尺模型符合靜力和動力相似準則;可以將該模型上的試驗數(shù)據(jù)推算到原型上,為卸船機的設(shè)計制造、維護維修和安全評估等提供數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The bridge grab ship unloader has repeated starting and braking in the process of operation, and the structural parts often bear strong vibration and shock. Therefore, the strength calculation and stability control of the whole steel structure becomes very important. However, due to the large structure of ship unloader, the poor working environment and the limitation of manpower, economy and equipment, the field test is difficult to organize. In order to provide theoretical basis and test data for the design, manufacture, maintenance and maintenance of ship unloader at lower test cost, In this paper, the 2250t/h bridge grab ship unloader (hereinafter referred to as ship unloader) in Zhanjiang Port is taken as the specific research object, the static and dynamic similarity theory analysis, the design and manufacture of scale model are carried out. Three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation as well as model test and other system research. The specific methods, results and conclusions are as follows: Through collecting a large number of relevant information of port crane at home and abroad, the research status and development trend of port crane are systematically understood, 2250t/h bridge grab ship unloader is investigated on the spot, the working principle and structure composition of this type ship unloader are grasped, Main technical parameters and load types etc. On this basis, according to the similarity principle, the static and dynamic similarity criteria of the ship unloader under the influence of many factors are deduced by using the dimensional analysis method, which provides a theoretical basis for the design, manufacture and similarity judgment of the scale model. Based on the analysis of static and dynamic similarity theory of ship unloader, the design of its 1:40 scale model is completed, and the integral assembly drawing and all parts drawing are drawn with Pro/E. Finally, the suitable profile is selected to make the physical scale model of the steel structure of ship unloader. It lays a foundation for the later research of model test. On the basis of the design and manufacture of the steel structure scale model of ship unloader, the 3D solid model of the ship unloader prototype and its scale model is established by Pro/E, and the 3D finite element model of the two models is established by introducing Ansys Workbench. First of all, the static analysis of the two structures is carried out, and the stress and strain fields are compared to verify the correctness of the static similarity criterion. Secondly, the modal analysis is carried out, and the modal modes and frequencies of the two are compared. The correctness of the dynamic similarity criterion is verified. The above research provides theoretical basis for the design, manufacture and maintenance of ship unloader. According to the finite element analysis results of the prototype of ship unloader and its scale model, the stress-strain characteristic and modal test of the steel structure scale model of ship unloader are studied. The strain-time history curves of five measuring points on the model pitching beam and the front pull bar in the course of the full load grab moving from the position of grab to the position of unloading are obtained. The experimental results are compared with the static analysis results of the finite element structure, and the results are in good agreement with the results of the static analysis of the finite element structure. The rationality of the scale model of the ship unloader and the correctness of the structural static analysis results are verified, and the three direction vibration amplitude-frequency characteristic curves at the end of the pitch beam, the end of the main beam and the top of the tower are obtained by modal test. The natural frequencies of the measured points in three directions are identified, which are in good agreement with the finite element modal analysis results of the scale model, and verify the rationality of the model and the correctness of the modal analysis results. Synthesizing the above research, it is concluded that the scale model of the ship unloader designed and manufactured in this paper accords with the criterion of static and dynamic similarity, and the experimental data on the model can be deduced to the prototype for the design and manufacture of the ship unloader. Provide data for maintenance, maintenance and safety assessment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:U653.928.1
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