本文選題：卸船機(jī) + 相似準(zhǔn)則　； 參考：《廣東海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：橋式抓斗卸船機(jī)在作業(yè)過(guò)程中存在反復(fù)啟動(dòng)和制動(dòng)，各結(jié)構(gòu)件經(jīng)常承受比較強(qiáng)烈的振動(dòng)和沖擊，所以，整體鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算和穩(wěn)定性控制變得非常重要。但是，由于卸船機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)龐大、工作環(huán)境惡劣，受到人力、經(jīng)濟(jì)和設(shè)備能力的限制，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)難以組織。為了以較低的試驗(yàn)成本，為卸船機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、維護(hù)和維修等提供相關(guān)理論依據(jù)和試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，本論文以湛江港在役的2250t/h型橋式抓斗卸船機(jī)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱卸船機(jī)）為具體研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其開(kāi)展靜力與動(dòng)力相似理論分析、縮尺模型設(shè)計(jì)與制作、三維有限元建模與仿真以及模型試驗(yàn)等系統(tǒng)研究。具體方法、結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下： 通過(guò)大量收集國(guó)內(nèi)外港口起重機(jī)的相關(guān)資料，系統(tǒng)了解港口起重機(jī)研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；實(shí)地勘查2250t/h型橋式抓斗卸船機(jī)，掌握該型號(hào)卸船機(jī)的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)組成、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)和載荷類型等。在此基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)相似原理，運(yùn)用量綱分析法推導(dǎo)該卸船機(jī)在多種因素影響下的靜力和動(dòng)力相似準(zhǔn)則，為其縮尺模型的設(shè)計(jì)、制作以及相似性判定提供理論依據(jù)。 綜合卸船機(jī)的靜力和動(dòng)力相似理論分析結(jié)果，，完成其1:40縮尺模型的設(shè)計(jì)，并用Pro/E畫出整體裝配圖和所有零件圖，最后選用合適的型材制作卸船機(jī)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)物縮尺模型，為后面的模型試驗(yàn)研究打下了基礎(chǔ)。 在完成卸船機(jī)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)縮尺模型的設(shè)計(jì)和制作基礎(chǔ)上，用Pro/E分別建立了卸船機(jī)原型及其縮尺模型的三維實(shí)體模型，并導(dǎo)入Ansys Workbench建立兩者的三維有限元模型。首先，對(duì)兩者分別進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析，比較兩者的應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和應(yīng)變場(chǎng)，驗(yàn)證了靜力相似準(zhǔn)則的正確性；其次，對(duì)兩者分別進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析，對(duì)比兩者的模態(tài)振型和模態(tài)頻率，驗(yàn)證了動(dòng)力相似準(zhǔn)則的正確性。以上研究為卸船機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)、制造和維護(hù)提供相關(guān)理論依據(jù)。 根據(jù)卸船機(jī)原型及其縮尺模型的有限元分析結(jié)果，對(duì)制作出的卸船機(jī)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)縮尺模型開(kāi)展了應(yīng)力應(yīng)變特性研究和模態(tài)試驗(yàn)研究：通過(guò)應(yīng)力應(yīng)變特性試驗(yàn)研究，獲得了模型俯仰梁與前拉桿上5個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)在滿載荷的抓斗從抓料位置運(yùn)動(dòng)至卸料位置過(guò)程中的應(yīng)變-時(shí)間歷程曲線，將試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與有限元結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析結(jié)果對(duì)比，吻合較好，驗(yàn)證了卸船機(jī)縮尺模型的合理性和結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析結(jié)果的正確性；通過(guò)模態(tài)試驗(yàn)研究，獲得了模型俯仰梁端部、主梁端部和塔架最高處三個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)的三向振動(dòng)幅頻特性曲線，識(shí)別得出各測(cè)點(diǎn)在三個(gè)方向上的固有頻率，與縮尺模型的有限元模態(tài)分析結(jié)果吻合較好，驗(yàn)證了模型的合理性和模態(tài)分析結(jié)果的正確性。 綜合以上研究，得出結(jié)論：本文設(shè)計(jì)制造的卸船機(jī)縮尺模型符合靜力和動(dòng)力相似準(zhǔn)則；可以將該模型上的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)推算到原型上，為卸船機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)制造、維護(hù)維修和安全評(píng)估等提供數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The bridge grab ship unloader has repeated starting and braking in the process of operation, and the structural parts often bear strong vibration and shock. Therefore, the strength calculation and stability control of the whole steel structure becomes very important. However, due to the large structure of ship unloader, the poor working environment and the limitation of manpower, economy and equipment, the field test is difficult to organize. In order to provide theoretical basis and test data for the design, manufacture, maintenance and maintenance of ship unloader at lower test cost, In this paper, the 2250t/h bridge grab ship unloader (hereinafter referred to as ship unloader) in Zhanjiang Port is taken as the specific research object, the static and dynamic similarity theory analysis, the design and manufacture of scale model are carried out. Three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation as well as model test and other system research. The specific methods, results and conclusions are as follows: Through collecting a large number of relevant information of port crane at home and abroad, the research status and development trend of port crane are systematically understood, 2250t/h bridge grab ship unloader is investigated on the spot, the working principle and structure composition of this type ship unloader are grasped, Main technical parameters and load types etc. On this basis, according to the similarity principle, the static and dynamic similarity criteria of the ship unloader under the influence of many factors are deduced by using the dimensional analysis method, which provides a theoretical basis for the design, manufacture and similarity judgment of the scale model. Based on the analysis of static and dynamic similarity theory of ship unloader, the design of its 1:40 scale model is completed, and the integral assembly drawing and all parts drawing are drawn with Pro/E. Finally, the suitable profile is selected to make the physical scale model of the steel structure of ship unloader. It lays a foundation for the later research of model test. On the basis of the design and manufacture of the steel structure scale model of ship unloader, the 3D solid model of the ship unloader prototype and its scale model is established by Pro/E, and the 3D finite element model of the two models is established by introducing Ansys Workbench. First of all, the static analysis of the two structures is carried out, and the stress and strain fields are compared to verify the correctness of the static similarity criterion. Secondly, the modal analysis is carried out, and the modal modes and frequencies of the two are compared. The correctness of the dynamic similarity criterion is verified. The above research provides theoretical basis for the design, manufacture and maintenance of ship unloader. According to the finite element analysis results of the prototype of ship unloader and its scale model, the stress-strain characteristic and modal test of the steel structure scale model of ship unloader are studied. The strain-time history curves of five measuring points on the model pitching beam and the front pull bar in the course of the full load grab moving from the position of grab to the position of unloading are obtained. The experimental results are compared with the static analysis results of the finite element structure, and the results are in good agreement with the results of the static analysis of the finite element structure. The rationality of the scale model of the ship unloader and the correctness of the structural static analysis results are verified, and the three direction vibration amplitude-frequency characteristic curves at the end of the pitch beam, the end of the main beam and the top of the tower are obtained by modal test. The natural frequencies of the measured points in three directions are identified, which are in good agreement with the finite element modal analysis results of the scale model, and verify the rationality of the model and the correctness of the modal analysis results. Synthesizing the above research, it is concluded that the scale model of the ship unloader designed and manufactured in this paper accords with the criterion of static and dynamic similarity, and the experimental data on the model can be deduced to the prototype for the design and manufacture of the ship unloader. Provide data for maintenance, maintenance and safety assessment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U653.928.1

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