本文選題：高速公路 + 養(yǎng)護(hù)作業(yè)區(qū)�。� 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)高速公路里程不斷增長(zhǎng)，早期建造的高速公路逐步進(jìn)入路面大中修、改擴(kuò)建時(shí)期，越來(lái)越多的養(yǎng)護(hù)作業(yè)區(qū)將會(huì)在公路上出現(xiàn)。但設(shè)置施工作業(yè)區(qū)不僅會(huì)降低道路的通暢水平，還容易引發(fā)交通事故，，而我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段在作業(yè)區(qū)交通標(biāo)志設(shè)計(jì)、安全控制措施以及工作區(qū)長(zhǎng)度等方面大多處于半理論半經(jīng)驗(yàn)狀態(tài)，缺乏系統(tǒng)性研究。本文在2012年河南省交通投資集團(tuán)科技研究項(xiàng)目—《大交通量高速公路施工作業(yè)區(qū)三維可視化交通組織方案評(píng)價(jià)及優(yōu)化研究》的資助下，針對(duì)現(xiàn)階段的不足，以實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，借助交通仿真等技術(shù)手段對(duì)交通組織方案若干問(wèn)題進(jìn)行合理評(píng)估和優(yōu)化，對(duì)于優(yōu)化高速公路養(yǎng)護(hù)作業(yè)區(qū)的交通組織方案和提高安全保障水平具有重要意義。 首先，從交通事故統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)入手，分析作業(yè)區(qū)交通事故特點(diǎn)及成因，結(jié)合作業(yè)區(qū)路段交通實(shí)際情況，研究駕駛員特性、交通流特性、作業(yè)區(qū)道路特性、交通環(huán)境特性等方面的內(nèi)容，為高速公路作業(yè)區(qū)的交通控制與管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 其次，針對(duì)目前作業(yè)區(qū)交通標(biāo)志由于研究滯后而存在的問(wèn)題，以駕駛員的視認(rèn)特性為出發(fā)點(diǎn)構(gòu)建車輛行駛模型，分析交通標(biāo)志對(duì)人、車、路的內(nèi)在作用機(jī)理，通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)邏輯推導(dǎo)研究作業(yè)區(qū)交通標(biāo)志的設(shè)置位置、圖形類和文字類標(biāo)志的尺寸設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題，并對(duì)標(biāo)志牌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行初步探討。 再次，為減少車輛大幅降速帶來(lái)的不安全性，本文依托實(shí)際工程，采用VISSIM對(duì)高速公路施工作業(yè)區(qū)進(jìn)行仿真模擬，并分別以車速標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差與變異系數(shù)、延誤時(shí)間兩個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)行車安全與通暢水平進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)比分析分級(jí)限速方案、限速位置方案等策略的實(shí)施效果。同時(shí)對(duì)影響路網(wǎng)交通分流安全的因素進(jìn)行分析，對(duì)分流方案的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行探討。 最后，為改善公路養(yǎng)護(hù)施工區(qū)的交通運(yùn)行狀況，提高施工效率，本文將以交通流的時(shí)變特性為研究基礎(chǔ)，考慮施工間歇、夜間施工等多種因素建立養(yǎng)護(hù)總費(fèi)用函數(shù)模型（包括用于施工本身的費(fèi)用和道路使用者費(fèi)用），提出基于總費(fèi)用整體最優(yōu)的優(yōu)化思路與方法。通過(guò)設(shè)置一定的約束條件，使其更符合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，最終通過(guò)Matlab編程實(shí)現(xiàn)從多種施工方案中優(yōu)選出作業(yè)區(qū)的最佳開(kāi)工時(shí)間和最優(yōu)工作區(qū)長(zhǎng)度。 本論文研究成果有助于改善作業(yè)區(qū)交通條件、提高道路通行能力、減少交通事故，將為我國(guó)高速公路作業(yè)區(qū)交通組織方案和安全保障措施提供新方法、新思路，具有較強(qiáng)的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing mileage of freeway in our country, the early-built expressway will gradually enter into the road surface overhaul, and more and more maintenance operation areas will appear on the highway during the period of reconstruction and extension. However, setting up a construction work area will not only reduce the level of smooth road, but also lead to traffic accidents. However, most of the traffic sign design, safety control measures and working area length in our country are in a semi-theoretical and semi-empirical state at the present stage. Lack of systematic research. In this paper, under the financial support of the 2012 Henan Traffic Investment Group S & T research project "Evaluation and Optimization of 3D Visualized Traffic Organization Scheme in the Construction work area of large Traffic Volume Expressway", aiming at the deficiency of the present stage, based on the measured data, It is of great significance to evaluate and optimize the traffic organization scheme by means of traffic simulation and other technical means, which is of great significance to optimize the traffic organization scheme of expressway maintenance operation area and improve the level of safety and security. First of all, starting from the traffic accident statistics, the characteristics and causes of traffic accidents in the operation area are analyzed. Combining with the actual traffic situation of the section of the work area, the characteristics of the driver, the traffic flow and the road characteristics of the operation area are studied. The traffic environment characteristics and other aspects provide scientific basis for the traffic control and management of the expressway operation area. Secondly, in view of the problems existing in the traffic signs in the operation area due to the lag in research, this paper constructs a vehicle driving model based on the drivers' recognition characteristics, and analyzes the inherent mechanism of the traffic signs' action on people, cars and roads. By deducing the mathematical logic, this paper studies the setting position of traffic signs in operation area, the dimension design of graphic and character signs, and discusses the standardized production of signs. Thirdly, in order to reduce the insecurity caused by the large speed reduction of the vehicle, this paper uses VISSIM to simulate the expressway construction work area, and uses the speed standard deviation and the coefficient of variation, respectively, based on the actual engineering. Two indexes of delay time are used to evaluate the traffic safety and smooth level, and the effect of the strategies such as grading speed limit scheme and speed limiting position scheme is compared and analyzed. At the same time, the factors influencing the traffic diversion safety are analyzed, and the design of the diversion scheme is discussed. Finally, in order to improve the traffic condition of highway maintenance and construction area and improve the construction efficiency, this paper will take the time-varying characteristics of traffic flow as the research basis and consider the intermittent construction. The maintenance total cost function model (including the cost of construction itself and road user cost) is established by various factors such as night construction, and the optimization idea and method based on the overall optimization of total cost are put forward. By setting certain constraint conditions to make it more in line with the production practice, the optimal start time and the optimal working area length can be selected from various construction schemes by Matlab programming. The research results of this paper will help to improve the traffic conditions, improve the capacity of roads, reduce traffic accidents, and provide new methods and new ideas for traffic organization and safety measures in expressway operation areas of China. It has strong theoretical value and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U415;U491

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本文編號(hào)：1849264