本文選題：交通流 + 行人動(dòng)力學(xué)��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：擁堵的城市交通已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)城市發(fā)展所面臨的普遍性問(wèn)題,尤其是當(dāng)公共安全災(zāi)害事故發(fā)生時(shí),如何保證大規(guī)模人群在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)疏散到安全區(qū)域,成為一個(gè)重大難題。如何解決或緩解城市交通擁堵,已成為當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外交通領(lǐng)域和公共安全領(lǐng)域工作的重中之重。通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模型來(lái)研究車(chē)輛和行人交通流的基本規(guī)律是探索解決交通擁堵的重要手段之一,同時(shí)也可為災(zāi)害環(huán)境下的交通和人群疏散方案的制定提供科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)原則。 本文研究的主題是城市多車(chē)道車(chē)輛換道建模和二維行人運(yùn)動(dòng)建模,研究的目的是建立能夠客觀反映城市道路車(chē)輛和行人交通基本規(guī)律的微觀模型,基本思想是在一維車(chē)輛跟馳模型的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建具有統(tǒng)一模型框架的二維連續(xù)性車(chē)輛換道模型和行人運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)車(chē)輛交通模型的拓展和對(duì)行人動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的改進(jìn)。 為探討交通個(gè)體方向變化的一般性機(jī)制和建模方法,在第2章,我們首先通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研,分析了典型多車(chē)道模型中的車(chē)輛換道規(guī)則和典型二維行人運(yùn)動(dòng)模型中的行人換向機(jī)制,總結(jié)出車(chē)輛換道和行人換向的相似規(guī)律,即兩者都是由人主導(dǎo)進(jìn)而改變運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的行為過(guò)程,然后將這種行為過(guò)程概括為需求產(chǎn)生、環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)、決策觸發(fā)和方案執(zhí)行四個(gè)階段,進(jìn)而提出：交通個(gè)體的換道或換向建模過(guò)程實(shí)質(zhì)上就是對(duì)這四個(gè)階段進(jìn)行建模的過(guò)程。 為建立能夠客觀、真實(shí)反映城市道路交通流特征或規(guī)律的車(chē)輛換道模型,在第3章,我們分別針對(duì)車(chē)道限速的城市道路典型特點(diǎn)、交通瓶頸下自由換道與強(qiáng)制換道并存的特點(diǎn)和車(chē)輛換道的時(shí)間過(guò)程特征,建立了考慮車(chē)道限速的自由換道模型、耦合自由和強(qiáng)制換道的復(fù)合換道模型和考慮時(shí)間過(guò)程的換道模型,并開(kāi)展交通觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了對(duì)比驗(yàn)證。模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明：1)存在使車(chē)輛產(chǎn)生非對(duì)稱(chēng)換道行為的因素是產(chǎn)生“密度倒置”現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)原因；2)高速車(chē)道的速度優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)因換道行為而損失嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致“快而不快”；3)中、高車(chē)流密度下的頻繁換道行為會(huì)降低道路總流量,導(dǎo)致交通流總體“欲速而不達(dá)”；4)交通瓶頸前的強(qiáng)制換道行為促使上下游車(chē)輛換道更加頻繁,并對(duì)上游一定范圍內(nèi)的車(chē)輛有減速效應(yīng),延長(zhǎng)車(chē)輛個(gè)體的行程時(shí)間；5)換道頻率隨交通流密度增加呈先增后減的趨勢(shì),且當(dāng)交通流密度在15-35輛.千米.車(chē)道-1的范圍時(shí),換道頻率最大,交通流量降低最顯著。 為建立能夠真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確反映行人交通流特征或規(guī)律的二維行人運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,在第4章,我們借鑒車(chē)輛換道建模的思路及方法,通過(guò)分析單列行人運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)獲取的行人期望速度函數(shù)和FVD模型加速方程,解決了行人運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中速度調(diào)整的問(wèn)題；通過(guò)開(kāi)展行人繞行避障實(shí)驗(yàn)獲取的行人換向概率函數(shù)和新引入的“視野場(chǎng)阻”,解決了行人運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中方向決策和方向選擇的問(wèn)題；在總結(jié)行人速度調(diào)整和方向變化機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上,我們建立了考慮“視野場(chǎng)阻”的連續(xù)性行人運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,并通過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究人員的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了對(duì)比驗(yàn)證。實(shí)驗(yàn)和模擬研究表明：1)行人的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度與其前方相鄰行人的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度之間存在強(qiáng)相關(guān)性,行人有與前方相鄰行人保持運(yùn)動(dòng)速度同步的趨向；2)行人的換向具有隨機(jī)性,換向概率隨著與障礙物的距離減小而增大；3)考慮“視野場(chǎng)阻”的行人運(yùn)動(dòng)模型能夠合理準(zhǔn)確地描述行人運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的特征和規(guī)律；4)車(chē)輛交通FVD模型框架適用于多車(chē)道車(chē)輛換道建模,也適用于二維行人運(yùn)動(dòng)建模。 最后,在第5章,我們對(duì)本文的模型研究進(jìn)行總結(jié),給出主要結(jié)論,同時(shí)提出在本文工作的基礎(chǔ)上可進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展的研究點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Congested urban traffic has become a universal problem in the development of cities in China. Especially when public safety disasters occur, how to ensure the large population to evacuate to the safe area within a limited period of time has become a major problem. How to solve or alleviate urban traffic congestion has become a current domestic and foreign transportation field and is a major problem. The research on the basic law of vehicle and pedestrian traffic flow through the computer model is one of the important means to explore the traffic congestion, and it can also provide scientific guidance for the formulation of traffic and crowd evacuation plans under the disaster environment.
The main theme of this paper is the modeling of urban multi Lane vehicle routing and two dimensional pedestrian motion modeling. The purpose of this study is to establish a micro model that can objectively reflect the basic rules of urban road vehicles and pedestrian traffic. The basic idea is to build a two-dimensional continuous vehicle with a unified model framework on the basis of one dimension vehicle following model. Lane changing model and pedestrian motion model are used to expand the vehicle traffic model and improve pedestrian dynamics model.
In order to discuss the general mechanism and modeling method of the change of traffic individual direction, in the second chapter, we first analyzed the traffic change rules in the typical multi lane model and the pedestrian change mechanism in the typical two-dimensional pedestrian movement model, and summed up the similarity law of the vehicle change and the pedestrian change, that is, both are from the human owners. The behavior process is then changed to change the state of motion, and then the behavior process is summarized as four stages of demand generation, environmental evaluation, decision triggering and scheme execution, and then the process of modeling for the four stages is essentially the process of modeling for the change or reversing of the traffic individual.
In order to establish a vehicle changing model which can objectively and truly reflect the characteristics or laws of urban road traffic flow, in the third chapter, we set up a free lane change path considering Lane speed limit by the characteristics of the typical Lane speed limit of the urban road, the coexistence of free change and forced change under the traffic bottleneck and the time pass characteristics of the vehicle changing. Model, coupled free and forced transformation of the complex channel model and the time process of the change model, and carry out the traffic observation experiment to verify the model. Simulation and experimental research show that: 1) the existence of the vehicle to produce asymmetrical channel change is the essence of the "density inversion" phenomenon; 2) high speed lane. In 3) the frequent change of road traffic under high traffic density will reduce the total road traffic and cause the traffic flow to be "fast and not"; 4) the forced change of road traffic ahead of the traffic bottleneck causes the upstream and downstream vehicles to change more frequently and to a certain range upstream. The vehicle has the deceleration effect, prolongs the travel time of the vehicle individual; 5) the change frequency increases first and then decreases with the increase of traffic flow density, and when the traffic flow density is in the range of 15-35. Kilometer. Lane -1, the change frequency is the largest and the traffic flow is the most significant.
In order to establish a two-dimensional pedestrian movement model which can truly and accurately reflect the characteristics or laws of pedestrian traffic flow, in the fourth chapter, we draw on the train of thought and method of vehicle lane changing modeling. By analyzing the expected velocity function of pedestrians and the FVD model acceleration equation obtained by the single row pedestrian movement experiment, the problem of speed adjustment in the process of pedestrian movement is solved. By carrying out the pedestrian change probability function and the newly introduced "field of field resistance", the problem of direction decision and direction selection in pedestrian movement is solved by carrying out the pedestrian bypass avoidance experiment. On the basis of summarizing the mechanism of pedestrian velocity adjustment and direction change, we have established a continuous pedestrian movement considering the "field of field resistance". The model is verified by the experimental results of the researchers at home and abroad. Experimental and simulation studies show that: 1) there is a strong correlation between the speed of pedestrians and the speed of the adjacent pedestrians ahead, pedestrians have a tendency to keep the speed of the pedestrians in front of the adjacent pedestrians, and 2) the change of pedestrians is random, The commutation probability increases with the distance from the obstacle; 3) the pedestrian motion model considering the "field resistance" can describe the characteristics and the rules of the pedestrian motion system reasonably and accurately. (4) the vehicle traffic FVD model frame is suitable for the multi Lane vehicle change modeling, and is also suitable for the two-dimensional pedestrian movement modeling.
Finally, in the fifth chapter, we summarize the model research in this paper, give the main conclusions, and put forward the research points that can be further developed on the basis of the work in this paper.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

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2 房志明;考慮火災(zāi)影響的人員疏散過(guò)程模型與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1815563