發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-16 02:11

  本文選題：溢油 + 層次分析法��； 參考：《寧波大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于大規(guī)模的石油污染對(duì)海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境和社會(huì)都具有極大地?fù)p害性，以及海上石油復(fù)雜的物化特性變化過程，使得海上船舶石油污染成為當(dāng)今海洋環(huán)境工作者的一項(xiàng)重要研究方向。本文通過分析和研究海上船舶溢油污染案例并結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的研究成果，對(duì)溢油損害影響因素進(jìn)行了分析和歸類，，得出了影響海上溢油損害影響的相關(guān)因素結(jié)構(gòu)圖。再結(jié)構(gòu)圖的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了海上船舶溢油事故損害程度評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。運(yùn)用層次分析法計(jì)算了各影響因子的權(quán)重。并在此研究的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了案例檢驗(yàn)。 通過分析與溢油損害程度有關(guān)的影響因子，確定了包括溢油量、油品、環(huán)境情況、溢油海域情況、溢油預(yù)防與預(yù)警能力、溢油應(yīng)急反應(yīng)與處置能力、災(zāi)后恢復(fù)能力等七個(gè)方面的一級(jí)影響因子。并在這些一級(jí)影響因子之下確立了若干個(gè)二級(jí)影響因子，包括：風(fēng)、氣溫、水溫、潮流、浪、涌、能見度、粘度、揮發(fā)性、比重、溶解度、毒性、持久性、風(fēng)化程度、離岸距離、地區(qū)類別、沿岸地貌、法律與預(yù)案編制、監(jiān)測(cè)與預(yù)警、應(yīng)急中心的管理機(jī)構(gòu)、培訓(xùn)演習(xí)及安全普及、應(yīng)急系統(tǒng)、專業(yè)隊(duì)伍及志愿者、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮與協(xié)調(diào)、通訊與控制、規(guī)劃與后勤管理、后期處理、生態(tài)恢復(fù)及資金支持。在得出各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重之后，對(duì)其中的不易進(jìn)行計(jì)算得指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化處理，形成了新的便于測(cè)算的二級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。 本文最后以寧波海域發(fā)生的十起船舶溢油事故為研究對(duì)象。運(yùn)用建立的方法體系，完成了對(duì)寧波海域船舶溢油事故損害程度的現(xiàn)狀分析與評(píng)價(jià)。一旦發(fā)生海上船舶溢油事故，可以較為迅速的對(duì)事故損害程度進(jìn)行等級(jí)確定，并進(jìn)而確定相應(yīng)的溢油應(yīng)急對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:Because the large-scale oil pollution has great damage to the marine ecological environment and the society, and the complex physical and chemical characteristics of offshore oil change process,The oil pollution of marine ships has become an important research direction for marine environmental workers.By analyzing and studying the cases of oil spill pollution of ships on the sea and combining with the existing research results, this paper analyzes and classifies the influencing factors of oil spill damage, and obtains the relevant factor structure diagram of the influence of oil spill damage on the sea.On the basis of the structure chart, the evaluation index system of oil spill damage degree of marine ships is constructed.The weight of each influence factor is calculated by AHP.And on the basis of this study, a case study was carried out.By analyzing the influence factors related to the degree of oil spill damage, it is determined that the oil spill amount, oil product, environmental situation, oil spill sea area situation, oil spill prevention and early warning capability, oil spill emergency response and disposal capacity,Disaster recovery ability and other seven factors.A number of secondary influence factors have been established under these first-order influence factors, including: wind, temperature, water temperature, tidal current, surge, visibility, viscosity, volatility, specific gravity, solubility, toxicity, persistence, weathering degree,Offshore distance, area category, coastal topography, law and plan preparation, monitoring and early warning, emergency management, training exercises and safety popularization, emergency response systems, professional teams and volunteers, field command and coordination, communications and control,Planning and logistics management, post-processing, ecological restoration and financial support.After getting the weight of each index, the index which is not easy to be calculated is optimized, and a new two-level evaluation index system is formed, which is easy to measure.At the end of this paper, ten oil spill accidents occurred in Ningbo sea area are taken as the research object.Using the established method system, the present situation analysis and evaluation of the damage degree of oil spill accident of ships in Ningbo sea area are completed.Once the oil spill accident occurs, the damage degree of the accident can be determined quickly, and then the corresponding emergency countermeasures can be determined.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U698.7

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