本文選題：城市混合交通流　切入點：微觀仿真系統(tǒng)　出處：《華南理工大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：機非混行的混合交通流仍然是我國城市交通特別是中小城市交通的重要特征，混合交通流的微觀仿真建模研究能為實際交通現(xiàn)象的真實再現(xiàn)和分析、交通系統(tǒng)的評價等提供有效的技術(shù)手段。本文圍繞城市混合交通流微觀仿真系統(tǒng)的建模、實現(xiàn)與應(yīng)用，在城市混合交通微觀仿真系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、仿真路網(wǎng)模型、混合交通兩輪車流仿真模型、微觀仿真系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)及在交通信號控制中的應(yīng)用等方面展開研究與探討，主要做了以下研究工作： （1）圍繞混合交通微觀仿真系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建，分析了仿真系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)及組成模塊，建立了混合交通微觀仿真系統(tǒng)的復合路網(wǎng)模型。針對由機動車、非機動車及行人所組成的城市混合交通特點，復合路網(wǎng)模型將機動車的連續(xù)路網(wǎng)模型和非機動車與行人的離散元胞自動機路網(wǎng)模型相結(jié)合，建立了二者的映射關(guān)系。分析了微觀交通仿真系統(tǒng)的交通流模型，采用車道行駛軌跡和車輛動態(tài)行駛軌跡描述機動車在車道上的正常行駛和換道行駛行為。 （2）針對目前城市交通特別是中小城市交通中混合交通兩輪車流的特點，在傳統(tǒng)的基于NS元胞自動機（CA）模型基礎(chǔ)上，建立了兩輪車輛混合交通流二維CA仿真模型。根據(jù)兩輪車行駛特點建立了兩輪車行駛的換道規(guī)則，該規(guī)則同時考慮了當前時間步和下一時間步兩側(cè)相鄰車道的前后車輛的狀態(tài)，使模型更符合實際。通過計算機數(shù)值仿真，分析了慢化概率、換道概率、各種兩輪車的混合比例、行人穿越兩輪車道等因素對兩輪車流量、速度和密度等交通特征的影響，對兩輪車流的一些交通特征和實際交通現(xiàn)象進行了合理解釋，實際驗證表明了模型的有效性。 （3）針對非機動車行駛特性，提出了速度橫向壓縮效應(yīng)概念，建立了基于速度橫向壓縮效應(yīng)的非機動車多值CA模型（V-EBCA）。非機動車在行駛時隨著車速的增大，出于安全性考慮，其所占用的道路橫向?qū)挾葧龃�，而可供其他車輛通行的道路橫向剩余通行寬度會變小，呈現(xiàn)對道路橫向剩余通行寬度的壓縮效應(yīng)，考慮這種速度橫向壓縮效應(yīng)，采用多值元胞機模型對非機動車流進行建模與仿真，在分析傳統(tǒng)多值元胞機模型（BCA和EBCA）基礎(chǔ)上，建立了具有最大行進速度為3(cell/s)的高速EBCA模型以及基于速度橫向壓縮效應(yīng)的V-EBCA模型，并對各種模型進行了仿真對比分析和驗證。 （4）圍繞城市混合交通流微觀仿真系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與開發(fā)，對混合交通微觀仿真系統(tǒng)進行了詳細設(shè)計和功能模塊設(shè)計，采用面向?qū)ο蠓椒ㄩ_發(fā)實現(xiàn)了一個小規(guī)模微觀交通仿真系統(tǒng)。 （5）采用所開發(fā)的微觀交通仿真系統(tǒng)，對實際混合交通路段、定時控制交叉口以及公交優(yōu)先智能控制交叉口等三種情形下的交通流進行了微觀仿真分析。首先，采用基于復合路網(wǎng)模型的混合交通流模型，對實際混合交通路段和定時控制交叉口進行微觀仿真，結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)的仿真效果與實際交通狀況基本相符。然后，對于信號交叉口提出了一種公交優(yōu)先智能控制方法，采用優(yōu)先度值來衡量相位的通行緊急程度，將優(yōu)先度值分為容量優(yōu)先度和閾值優(yōu)先度兩種，容量優(yōu)先度用于度量相位內(nèi)的加權(quán)車輛數(shù)，閾值優(yōu)先度用于特殊情況下的通行緊急程度，，提出了基于優(yōu)先度值的公交優(yōu)先相位選擇方法。采用具有論域調(diào)節(jié)的兩級變論域模糊控制器確定綠燈時間，模糊控制器采用粒子群優(yōu)化的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)。在微觀交通仿真系統(tǒng)中進行仿真測試，結(jié)果表明，與定時控制和傳統(tǒng)模糊控制方法相比，該方法可以有效提高綠燈時間的利用率，減少交叉口公交停車延誤，只要參數(shù)選擇適當，在提高公交車輛通行效益的同時不會對社會車輛產(chǎn)生過大影響。
[Abstract]:Mixed traffic flow mixed traffic is still the city traffic of our country especially important features of small and medium sized city traffic, true reproduction and the analysis of the microscopic simulation model of mixed traffic flow for the actual traffic phenomena, to provide effective technical means of transportation system. This paper focuses on the modeling and evaluation of microscopic simulation system of city mixed traffic flow. Implementation and application, in the city of mixed traffic micro simulation system, the simulation model of road network, two traffic mixed traffic simulation model, discuss the microscopic simulation system design and implementation and in traffic signal control applications, mainly do the following research work:
(1) the construction of mixed traffic micro simulation system, analyzes the modules and architecture of the simulation system, establishes a complex network model of mixed traffic micro simulation system. According to the vehicle by the city, the mixed traffic characteristics of non motor vehicles and pedestrians are composed of complex network model combining discrete cellular automaton model of vehicle network the continuous network model and non motor vehicles and pedestrians, establish the mapping relationship between the two. Analysis of the traffic flow model of microscopic traffic simulation system, the trajectory of lane and vehicle dynamic driving track description from the normal traffic lane and the lane changing behavior.
(2) for the current city traffic characteristics of mixed traffic flow especially two small city traffic in NS, based on the traditional cellular automaton (CA) model based on a two-dimensional CA simulation model of two wheeled vehicle mixed traffic flow. According to the characteristics of Two Wheeler lane changing rules established two wheel driving, the the rules also considered vehicles before and after the current time step and the next time step on both sides of the adjacent lane state, which makes the model more realistic. Through numerical simulation, analysis of the slow probability, lane changing probability, all kinds of bicycle mixed ratio, pedestrian crossing two lane on the bicycle traffic, affect the speed and the density of traffic characteristics, carry out a reasonable explanation for some of the traffic characteristics of two traffic and actual traffic phenomena, the actual results show that the validity of the model.
(3) according to the characteristics of non motor vehicle, the transverse compression effect of speed is established based on the non motor vehicle lateral velocity compression effect of multi valued CA model (V-EBCA). The non motor vehicle when driving as speed increases, for security reasons, the road width occupied will increase, and for other vehicles on the road transverse residual passage width becomes smaller, showing the compression effect of the transverse residual width of the road traffic, considering the effect of the transverse compression speed, cellular automata model for modeling and Simulation of the non motor vehicle flow with multi value, based on the analysis of traditional multi value cellular automata model (BCA and EBCA) on the basis of established with the maximum speed for the 3 (cell/s) high speed EBCA model and based on the velocity transverse compression effect of V-EBCA model, and the models are simulated and verified.
(4) around the design and development of the microscopic simulation system of urban mixed traffic flow, the detailed design and functional module design of the mixed traffic microscopic simulation system is carried out, and a small-scale microscopic traffic simulation system is developed by object-oriented method.
(5) the microscopic traffic simulation system is developed, the actual mixed traffic intersection, timing control and bus priority intelligent control of the intersection of three cases of microscopic traffic flow simulation analysis. Firstly, the mixed traffic flow model based on complex network model, micro simulation of actual mixed traffic the timing and control intersection, basically consistent with the simulation results show that the effect of this system and the actual traffic condition. Then, the signal intersection presents a bus priority intelligent control method, the priority value of traffic emergency measure phase, the priority value of capacity is divided into priority and threshold priority two. The capacity of priority is used to measure the weighted number of vehicles in the phase, the priority for traffic threshold level of emergency under special circumstances, the priority value of phase selection based on bus priority Choose the method of two grade. Using a variable universe fuzzy controller to determine the green time domain adjustment, fuzzy controller based on neural network and particle swarm optimization. The simulation test, the microscopic traffic simulation system. The results show that compared with the traditional fuzzy control and timing control method, this method can effectively improve the utilization rate of the green time to reduce the delay of intersection, bus stop, as long as the parameters are selected properly, will not increase the traffic efficiency of bus and the impact of social vehicles.

【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.112

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