本文選題：公路隧道　切入點(diǎn)：WSN　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對(duì)目前公路隧道消防監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)無(wú)法有效進(jìn)行事故預(yù)警，事故發(fā)生后無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確獲知事故地點(diǎn)及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀況，本文研究并設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于WSN的隧道車(chē)輛監(jiān)測(cè)定位系統(tǒng)，旨在實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)隧道內(nèi)車(chē)輛的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)該系統(tǒng)可對(duì)危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸車(chē)輛進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)監(jiān)控，預(yù)警因載有危險(xiǎn)品的車(chē)輛出現(xiàn)意外而引起的惡性事故，也可實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)隧道內(nèi)交通狀況，當(dāng)事故發(fā)生時(shí)，，可通過(guò)該系統(tǒng)精確定位事故發(fā)生地點(diǎn)并了解現(xiàn)場(chǎng)交通狀況，也可跟進(jìn)了解救援狀況，為救援工作的順利進(jìn)行提供可靠的情報(bào)基礎(chǔ)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)公路隧道的綜合監(jiān)控 本文研究搭建了基于Zigbee技術(shù)的WSN，首先分析了電磁波在隧道空間中的傳遞機(jī)制和特性，根據(jù)電波在隧道內(nèi)的場(chǎng)強(qiáng)分布對(duì)其傳播區(qū)域進(jìn)行了劃分，并依據(jù)Fresnel區(qū)域理論驗(yàn)證了隧道近場(chǎng)區(qū)電磁波傳輸特性符合自由空間模型的結(jié)論，在此基礎(chǔ)上利用T-R場(chǎng)強(qiáng)函數(shù)推導(dǎo)出RSSI-D模型，并根據(jù)隧道環(huán)境采集大量數(shù)據(jù)擬合出基于RSSI的測(cè)距函數(shù)；之后，針對(duì)常用定位算法的缺陷，并結(jié)合隧道環(huán)境，提出一種基于RSSI-APIT的整合算法以提高系統(tǒng)定位性能；最后，根據(jù)隧道現(xiàn)有機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的狀況，從整體上研究了系統(tǒng)框架，并結(jié)合設(shè)計(jì)算法，提出了一種等腰梯形子定位網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)點(diǎn)布設(shè)方式，同時(shí)對(duì)系統(tǒng)硬件平臺(tái)的搭建及各類(lèi)節(jié)點(diǎn)的主要軟件模塊設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了研究 經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)本系統(tǒng)建立數(shù)學(xué)模型，模擬節(jié)點(diǎn)分布，對(duì)系統(tǒng)定位精度進(jìn)行了多次仿真，定位誤差在3%~6%之間波動(dòng)，且主要集中在車(chē)輛行進(jìn)方向，能夠基本滿(mǎn)足定位要求 該系統(tǒng)可融入隧道現(xiàn)有的通信監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，作為隧道機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)隧道內(nèi)車(chē)輛的定位追蹤，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控潛在的危險(xiǎn)因素，對(duì)現(xiàn)有的監(jiān)控消防預(yù)警系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行完善，實(shí)現(xiàn)事故預(yù)警監(jiān)測(cè)定位及事故救援的遠(yuǎn)程跟進(jìn)，方便隧道事故處理策略的及時(shí)調(diào)整，在隧道管理方面具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值
[Abstract]:In view of the current highway tunnel fire monitoring system can not effectively carry out the accident early warning, after the accident can not accurately know the accident location and the scene situation, this paper studies and designs a tunnel vehicle monitoring and positioning system based on WSN. The system can monitor the traffic condition of dangerous goods transport vehicles in real time. The system can warn of serious accidents caused by accidents of vehicles carrying dangerous goods, and can also monitor traffic conditions in tunnels in real time. When the accident occurs, the system can accurately locate the location of the accident and understand the traffic situation on the spot. It can also follow up and understand the rescue situation, which can provide a reliable information basis for the smooth operation of the rescue work and realize the comprehensive monitoring of the highway tunnel. Firstly, the transmission mechanism and characteristics of electromagnetic waves in tunnel space are analyzed, and the propagation regions are divided according to the distribution of electric waves in the tunnel. Based on the theory of Fresnel region, the conclusion that the electromagnetic wave propagation in the near field of tunnel conforms to the free space model is verified. Based on this, the RSSI-D model is derived by using T-R field intensity function. And according to the tunnel environment to collect a large number of data fitting out the location function based on RSSI. Then, aiming at the defects of common localization algorithms and combining the tunnel environment, an integrated algorithm based on RSSI-APIT is proposed to improve the positioning performance of the system. According to the existing mechanical and electrical system of the tunnel, the system framework is studied in the whole, and a node layout method of the isosceles trapezoidal positioning network is proposed in combination with the design algorithm. At the same time, the construction of the hardware platform and the design of the main software modules of all kinds of nodes are studied. After establishing the mathematical model of the system and simulating the distribution of nodes, the positioning accuracy of the system is simulated many times. The positioning error fluctuates between 3% and 6%, and it is mainly concentrated in the direction of the vehicle, which can basically meet the positioning requirements. The system can be integrated into the existing communication monitoring system of tunnel, as a subsystem of tunnel mechanical and electrical system, to realize the positioning and tracking of vehicles in the tunnel, to monitor the potential risk factors in real time, and to perfect the existing monitoring and fire alarm system. It can realize the accident early warning monitoring and positioning and the remote follow-up of accident rescue, facilitate the timely adjustment of tunnel accident handling strategy, and have certain application value in tunnel management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U495

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