本文選題：海底沉管隧道火災(zāi)　切入點(diǎn)：煙氣運(yùn)動(dòng)特性　出處：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)我國(guó)海底隧道建設(shè)飛速發(fā)展,通風(fēng)防災(zāi)問(wèn)題是制約其發(fā)展的重要難題之一,特別是大斷面特長(zhǎng)水下隧道。同時(shí),近年來(lái)世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生的多次隧道火災(zāi)事故表明,雖然火災(zāi)是小概率事件,然而一旦得不到有效控制,將帶來(lái)巨大災(zāi)難。因此,對(duì)于特長(zhǎng)海底隧道火災(zāi)工況下的煙氣運(yùn)動(dòng)特性及人員安全疏散的研究顯得尤為迫切。本文以國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“港珠澳大橋跨海集群工程建設(shè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與示范”課題五子課題四“離岸特長(zhǎng)沉管隧道建設(shè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”為依托,以港珠澳大橋海底沉管隧道為工程背景,圍繞隧道火災(zāi)煙氣的蔓延特性及人員的逃生環(huán)境開(kāi)展了系統(tǒng)的研究。論文的具體工作如下：1、通過(guò)對(duì)隧道火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象機(jī)理的分析,從能量守恒原理出發(fā),建立了火災(zāi)煙氣運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過(guò)合理假設(shè),推導(dǎo)出煙氣溫度與流速沿隧道縱向衰減的理論模型,結(jié)合數(shù)值仿真與全尺寸試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析,驗(yàn)證理論模型的合理性與可靠性,最終獲得港珠澳沉管隧道火災(zāi)煙氣的蔓延特性。2、以港珠澳大橋沉管隧道為工程背景,根據(jù)隧道實(shí)際情況,建立長(zhǎng)度為150m的1：1等截面尺寸的試驗(yàn)隧道,并配備完善的機(jī)電系統(tǒng)和試驗(yàn)測(cè)量系統(tǒng),、創(chuàng)建火災(zāi)綜合試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)并編制試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件。3、在足尺隧道內(nèi)對(duì)油池火和木垛火的火災(zāi)熱釋放速率進(jìn)行測(cè)定,同時(shí),分析其影響因素,提出試驗(yàn)火源的設(shè)計(jì)方案。著重分析車(chē)輛火災(zāi)(試驗(yàn)選用小汽車(chē)和中巴車(chē))的燃燒過(guò)程與燃燒現(xiàn)象,確定其HRR值及其影響因素。足尺隧道內(nèi)的燒車(chē)試驗(yàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)尚屬首次,國(guó)外的車(chē)輛燃燒數(shù)據(jù)也較少,因此,為隧道火災(zāi)研究積累了寶貴的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。4、通過(guò)開(kāi)展全尺寸隧道火災(zāi)試驗(yàn),在測(cè)定火源燃燒特性的基礎(chǔ)上,深入分析隧道內(nèi)溫度場(chǎng)和煙霧場(chǎng)隨時(shí)空的變化規(guī)律；對(duì)描述煙氣蔓延特性的參數(shù)——煙氣溫度、煙氣層高度、煙氣蔓延速度和煙氣中CO的輸運(yùn)特性等進(jìn)行測(cè)量,定量分析煙氣的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)。同時(shí),對(duì)各影響因素下的煙氣運(yùn)動(dòng)情況也進(jìn)行了全面分析。5、根據(jù)港珠澳大橋沉管隧道的實(shí)際情況,采用FDS火災(zāi)仿真軟件,建立三維數(shù)值仿真模型,并設(shè)置合理的邊界條件。對(duì)不同火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,完善試驗(yàn)中無(wú)法顧及到的工況,系統(tǒng)分析了港珠澳沉管隧道火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)規(guī)律。著重討論隧道拱頂與邊墻等重點(diǎn)位置的煙氣分布特征、各火災(zāi)工況下的臨界風(fēng)速等關(guān)鍵參數(shù),為人員與設(shè)備的安全及隧道防災(zāi)提供有力的數(shù)據(jù)支撐。6、通過(guò)火場(chǎng)環(huán)境對(duì)人體危害因素及人員安全疏散條件的具體分析,根據(jù)隧道內(nèi)的火災(zāi)情況,對(duì)人員高度處危險(xiǎn)因素的時(shí)空分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行深入探討。圍繞熱煙對(duì)人體危害的差異及危害范圍詳細(xì)分析,探討熱煙控制特性,最終提出港珠澳沉管隧道火災(zāi)人員可用安全疏散時(shí)間(TASET)。這將對(duì)火災(zāi)安全評(píng)估具有重要意義,為港珠澳大橋沉管隧道火災(zāi)時(shí)人員逃生策略的提出提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's rapid development of subsea tunnel construction, ventilation and disaster prevention is one of the most important problems restricting its development, especially the large section long underwater tunnel. At the same time, that several tunnel fire accidents happened in recent years in the world, although the fire is a small probability event, but once is not effectively controlled, will bring huge disaster. Therefore, the research on security expertise is tunnel fire condition smoke movement and evacuation is particularly urgent. Based on the national science and technology support projects "HZMB cross sea cluster construction key technology research and demonstration" project five "sub project of four offshore specialty immersed tunnel construction of disaster prevention technology" based on the seabed to HZMB tunnel as the engineering background, characteristics and spread around the staff of smoke escape environment to carry out system The study on the specific work of this paper are as follows: 1, through the analysis of the mechanism of tunnel fire smoke flow phenomenon, starting from the principle of conservation of energy, establish mathematical model of the smoke movement, through reasonable assumption, derived from the flue gas temperature and velocity attenuation along the longitudinal tunnel theory model of the combination of numerical simulation and analysis of full size data test and verify the rationality and reliability of the theoretical model, finally obtained the smoke Zhuhai Macao tunnel fire spread characteristic of.2, the immersed tunnel of Zhuhai Macao Bridge as the engineering background, according to the actual situation of the tunnel, the tunnel test set length 150m 1:1 uniform size, and is equipped with electromechanical system and measurement system, perfect. Create a comprehensive test platform for fire and.3 acquisition software test data, in the full scale tunnel fire of thermal oil pool fire and wood fire release rate were measured, at the same time, analysis The influence factors, design test fire. Focuses on the analysis of vehicle fire (test car and bus selection) of the combustion process and the combustion phenomena, to determine the value of HRR and its influencing factors. The full-scale tunnel fire test for the first time in the country, foreign vehicles burning data are scarce, therefore, accumulated the test data for the study of valuable.4 tunnel fire, by carrying out full-scale tunnel fire test, based on the determination of fire combustion characteristics, in-depth analysis of the changing law of temperature field and smoke in the tunnel field with time and space; the parameters describing the spread characteristics of flue gas, flue gas temperature, smoke layer height, smoke spread speed and CO in flue gas the transport properties were measured. Quantitative analysis of flow state of the flue gas. At the same time, the influence factors on the smoke movement under also conducted a comprehensive analysis of.5, according to the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge immersed tunnel The actual situation of the fire by using FDS simulation software to establish a three-dimensional numerical simulation model, and setting reasonable boundary conditions. Numerical simulation of the different fire scenarios, perfect test can not take into account the conditions, systematic analysis of the tunnel fire smoke flow law of the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao immersed. Focuses on flue gas distribution characteristics of tunnel vault and side wall other key positions, key parameters of the fire under the condition of critical wind speed, support.6 strong data security and tunnel disaster prevention personnel and equipment, through the specific analysis of fire evacuation conditions harmful to human factors and personnel, according to the fire in the tunnel, in-depth study of the temporal and spatial distribution of personnel at the height of the risk factors. Around the hot smoke of different harm and harm of the scope of analysis, explore the hot smoke control characteristics, finally puts forward the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao immersed tube tunnel fire The safe evacuation time (TASET) can be used for disaster victims. This will be significant for fire safety assessment. It will provide a reference for the evacuation strategy of the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macau bridge immersed tube tunnel fire.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U458;U459.5

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