發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-21 23:02

  本文選題：架橋機(jī)主梁　切入點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)損傷　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：摘要：架橋機(jī)是一種將預(yù)制鋼筋混凝土梁段吊裝在橋梁支座上的專用施工機(jī)械。架橋機(jī)一旦發(fā)生故障或事故,將會(huì)造成人員傷亡和巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,甚至是災(zāi)難性的后果。主梁是架橋機(jī)最主要的承載部件之一,其結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性尤其重要,因此,對架橋機(jī)的主梁進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識別具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 分析了結(jié)構(gòu)損傷的判斷過程,構(gòu)建了安全因子集,從定義、公式和判斷依據(jù)三個(gè)方面對安全因子進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的說明,并用模型梁作為算例,對安全因子的適用性進(jìn)行了分析,找到了比較適合梁類結(jié)構(gòu)的安全因子。 介紹了布谷鳥搜索算法,從動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)現(xiàn)概率、步長和萊維飛行三個(gè)方面對其進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),改進(jìn)后的布谷鳥搜索算法收斂速度非�？�,精度較高。并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了適用于高維函數(shù)的協(xié)同布谷鳥搜索算法。然后把損傷識別問題看作約束優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)問題,以固有頻率和模態(tài)應(yīng)變能建立目標(biāo)函數(shù),利用改進(jìn)后的布谷鳥搜索算法進(jìn)行損傷識別,并于其它算法進(jìn)行對比,分析結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)后的布谷鳥搜索算法能較好的對架橋機(jī)主梁進(jìn)行損傷識別。 建立了基于核模糊C-聚類算法和多分辨小波核相關(guān)向量機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷模型,并且以頻率變化率、模態(tài)應(yīng)變能和加加速度等安全因子作為輸入向量,分別對單損傷和多損傷樣本進(jìn)行無噪聲和有噪聲兩種情況下的損傷識別,仿真結(jié)果表明該模型識別精度高、速度快。其次,利用提出的方法對損傷進(jìn)行了預(yù)測分析,分析結(jié)果表明該方法有良好的預(yù)測能力。 利用大型分析軟件ANSYS建立架橋機(jī)主梁的有限元模型,對其進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,利用前面提到的安全因子集模擬不同的損傷工況并對他們進(jìn)行分析,找到適合于架橋機(jī)主梁的安全因子,為大型施工機(jī)械的安全監(jiān)測提供理論依據(jù)。 對架橋機(jī)的主梁進(jìn)行了損傷試驗(yàn)研究,采用矩形梁來模擬架橋機(jī)的主梁,分別進(jìn)行了剛度試驗(yàn)、模態(tài)試驗(yàn)和動(dòng)載試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和仿真結(jié)果基本吻合。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: bridge erecting machine is a kind of special construction machinery which hoist precast reinforced concrete beam section on bridge support. Once the bridge erecting machine breaks down or accident, it will cause casualties and huge economic losses. The main beam is one of the most important load-bearing parts of the bridge erecting machine, and the safety of its structure is especially important. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to identify the structural damage of the main girder of the bridge erector. The process of judging structural damage is analyzed, the safety factor set is constructed, the safety factor is explained in detail from three aspects of definition, formula and judgment basis, and the applicability of safety factor is analyzed by using model beam as an example. The safety factors suitable for beam structure are found. This paper introduces the Cuckoo search algorithm, and improves it from three aspects: dynamic discovery probability, step size and Levy flight. The improved Cuckoo search algorithm converges very quickly. On the basis of this, a cooperative cuckoo search algorithm suitable for high dimensional function is proposed. Then the damage identification problem is regarded as a mathematical problem of constrained optimization, and the objective function is established by natural frequency and modal strain energy. The improved Cuckoo search algorithm is used for damage identification and compared with other algorithms. The analysis results show that the improved Cuckoo search algorithm can better identify the damage of the main girder of the bridge erecting machine. The structure damage model based on kernel fuzzy C- clustering algorithm and Multiresolution wavelet kernel correlation vector machine is established, and the safety factors such as frequency change rate, modal strain energy and additive speed are used as input vectors. The results of simulation show that the model has high accuracy and high speed. Secondly, the proposed method is used to predict and analyze the damage. The analysis results show that this method has good prediction ability. The finite element model of the main girder of the bridge erecting machine is established by using the large-scale analysis software ANSYS, and it is meshed. The safety factor set mentioned above is used to simulate the different damage conditions and to analyze them. The safety factors suitable for the main girder of bridge erecting machine are found, and the theoretical basis for safety monitoring of large construction machinery is provided. The damage test of the main girder of the bridge erecting machine is carried out. The rectangular beam is used to simulate the main beam of the bridge erecting machine. The stiffness test, modal test and dynamic load test are carried out respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U445.36

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本文編號：1645936