本文選題：船橋碰撞　切入點：碰撞力　出處：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展，使得交通運輸業(yè)的發(fā)展越來越快，伴隨而至的是越來越多跨越江河的橋梁。從而導(dǎo)致了越來越多的船舶撞擊橋梁的重大事故。然而，目前各國關(guān)于船橋碰撞方面的規(guī)范公式，都是根據(jù)經(jīng)驗提出的，有很多的局限性。隨著計算機軟件的快速發(fā)展，非線性有限元理論在解決船橋碰撞問題中發(fā)揮了明顯的優(yōu)勢�；诖吮尘�，本文在非線性有限元理論的基礎(chǔ)上，對船橋碰撞問題進行了研究，主要工作如下： ①對現(xiàn)有的船橋碰撞的相關(guān)理論進行了歸納總結(jié)，并且分析了它們各自的特點。列出了目前世界各國關(guān)于碰撞力的規(guī)范以及一些經(jīng)驗公式，可以看出我國規(guī)范的相關(guān)條款，考慮的因素過于簡單。 ②介紹了本文研究用到的分線性有限元軟件ANSYS/LS-DYNA，并且重點研究了非線性有限元理論中的相關(guān)知識，包括：非線性有限元的控制方程，有限元計算中的沙漏控制，顯式時間積分以及接觸與碰撞。 ③應(yīng)用非線性有限元理論對3組船舶分別以3種速度撞擊橋墩進行仿真計算，計算時對接觸問題采用對稱罰函數(shù)法、對周圍流體的作用采用附加質(zhì)量法。求出了每種工況下的最大碰撞力，并且與現(xiàn)有各國規(guī)范及經(jīng)驗公式的計算結(jié)果作了對比，得出我國現(xiàn)有規(guī)范計算結(jié)果太小的結(jié)論，這對橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的安全是不利的，，應(yīng)加已修正。 ④對數(shù)值仿真計算得到的9組數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)用Matlab軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)擬合，推導(dǎo)出船橋碰撞力的簡化求解公式。 ⑤應(yīng)用最小二乘法，對我國的公路橋涵設(shè)計通用規(guī)范關(guān)于碰撞力的公式，提出了一個修正系數(shù)，得到了修正后的計算公式。 ⑥對現(xiàn)有的船橋碰撞的防護措施及防護裝置進行了歸納總結(jié)，比較了現(xiàn)有防護措施及防護裝置的特點，探討了今后船橋防撞的發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economic construction in China, the development of transportation industry is getting faster and faster, and with it more and more bridges across rivers, which leads to more and more serious accidents when ships collide with bridges. At present, the standard formulas of ship-bridge collision in various countries are based on experience and have many limitations. With the rapid development of computer software, The nonlinear finite element theory has played an obvious advantage in solving the ship bridge collision problem. Based on this background, this paper studies the ship bridge collision problem based on the nonlinear finite element theory, the main work is as follows:. The main contents are as follows: 1. The existing theories of ship-bridge collision are summarized, and their respective characteristics are analyzed. The codes of collision force and some empirical formulas of countries in the world are listed. The considerations are too simple. 2. This paper introduces the fractional linear finite element software ANSYS- LS-DYNA. and focuses on the relevant knowledge of nonlinear finite element theory, including: nonlinear finite element control equation, hourglass control in finite element calculation. Explicit time integral and contact and collision. (3) the nonlinear finite element theory is used to simulate the impact of three groups of ships on the piers with three different velocities, and the symmetric penalty function method is used to calculate the contact problem. The additional mass method is used to calculate the maximum impact force under each working condition, and the results are compared with the results of the existing codes and empirical formulas. It is concluded that the calculation results of the existing codes are too small in our country. This is unfavorable to the safety of bridge structure and should be amended. 4. Nine groups of data obtained by numerical simulation are fitted with Matlab software, and a simplified formula for solving collision force of ship and bridge is derived. By using the least square method, a modified coefficient is proposed for the formula of collision force in the general code for highway bridge and culvert design in China, and the modified formula is obtained. 6. The existing protective measures and protective devices for collision of ships and bridges are summarized and summarized, the characteristics of existing protective measures and protective devices are compared, and the development trend of collision prevention of ships and bridges in the future is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U441

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