發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-18 10:44

  本文選題：安全性評(píng)估　切入點(diǎn)：承載力　出處：《沈陽(yáng)建筑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著橋梁服役時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng),由于環(huán)境腐蝕及交通量的不斷增加,逐漸產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)功能衰退的現(xiàn)象,其可靠度將降低。對(duì)既有橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行承載力鑒定及可靠度評(píng)估是保證結(jié)構(gòu)在未來(lái)服役期內(nèi)安全使用的前提。由于結(jié)構(gòu)的抗力隨著時(shí)間而變異,將結(jié)構(gòu)的抗力視為隨機(jī)變量。另外,結(jié)構(gòu)荷載效應(yīng)也是因服役評(píng)估期不同而隨時(shí)間變化。另一方面如果橋梁經(jīng)歷了某次荷載的驗(yàn)證作用,其數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果能用于結(jié)構(gòu)的參數(shù)修正,從而使結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠度評(píng)估更加符合實(shí)際。針對(duì)這些情況,本文主要做了如下工作：(1)總結(jié)了結(jié)構(gòu)可靠度的基本概念、原理及計(jì)算可靠性指標(biāo)的常用方法。(2)基于恒載模型、車輛荷載模型,在國(guó)內(nèi)外各種調(diào)查資料的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了混凝土橋梁的荷載效應(yīng)模型。(3)根據(jù)可靠性指標(biāo)的計(jì)算方法,采用JC法對(duì)西蘇堡特大橋上部結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠度進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析。各主要截面可靠度指標(biāo)均大于目標(biāo)可靠度4.7,確定該工橋安全性高,即符合國(guó)家現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范要求的。(4)根據(jù)時(shí)變可靠度理論預(yù)測(cè)了西蘇堡特大橋在后續(xù)服役期的可靠度指標(biāo)。達(dá)到了使用年限的要求,并且預(yù)留了一定的安全度,數(shù)據(jù)表明橋梁的可靠度隨著結(jié)構(gòu)服役時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)在不斷降低。(5)介紹了驗(yàn)證荷載基本原理,通過(guò)橋梁荷載試驗(yàn)提供的數(shù)據(jù)資料對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)抗力直接進(jìn)行推斷,進(jìn)而對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性做出合理評(píng)價(jià)的方法。在驗(yàn)證荷載和抗力衰減兩個(gè)因素中,抗力衰減對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)可靠度的影響更顯著；證明考慮抗力變化后結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性有所降低,環(huán)境條件越惡劣,結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性降低程度越大,并有可能不滿足目標(biāo)可靠度要求。(6)通過(guò)實(shí)例計(jì)算和理論分析,指出驗(yàn)證荷載能夠更好的分析出結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際的可靠度,主要是因?yàn)橛绊懥丝沽Φ奈膊康挠行Ы厝?驗(yàn)證荷載法作為一種對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)抗力進(jìn)行直接性推斷的方法,具有理論上的優(yōu)越性。研究結(jié)果表明：采用時(shí)變可靠度理論對(duì)既有橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性評(píng)定,不僅可以使工程師對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)目前的狀況有較好的了解,還可以使相關(guān)管理部門對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)未來(lái)的服役情況和近似預(yù)測(cè),并且根據(jù)時(shí)變可靠度評(píng)定的結(jié)果開(kāi)發(fā)橋梁的健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。我們還需根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的不同實(shí)際服役環(huán)境來(lái)選擇合適的抗力衰減規(guī)律,對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)后繼服役期內(nèi)的可靠度進(jìn)行正確評(píng)估,進(jìn)而利用可靠指標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律為結(jié)構(gòu)制定合理的維修加固方案。另一方面,在考慮驗(yàn)證荷載下的可靠度分析中,由于結(jié)構(gòu)可靠度分析的驗(yàn)證荷載法建立在非破壞性的驗(yàn)證荷載試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,并可使結(jié)構(gòu)可靠度在一定條件下得到提高,因此該法有著較好的應(yīng)用前景。面對(duì)實(shí)際還存在諸如試驗(yàn)方法、試驗(yàn)結(jié)果評(píng)價(jià)等問(wèn)題,還需進(jìn)一步研究和實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the service time of the bridge, because of the environment corrosion and the increasing traffic volume, the structure and function decline gradually. Its reliability will be reduced. The evaluation of bearing capacity and reliability of existing bridge structures is the prerequisite to ensure the safe use of the structures during the future service period. Because the resistance of the structures varies with time, The resistance of the structure is regarded as a random variable. In addition, the structural load effect changes with time due to the different service evaluation period. On the other hand, if the bridge has undergone a certain load verification, the results of the data can be used to modify the structure parameters. In order to make the reliability evaluation of the structure more practical, the main work of this paper is as follows: 1) summarize the basic concept of structural reliability, principle and common method of calculating reliability index based on dead load model. Based on the investigation data at home and abroad, the load effect model of concrete bridge is studied. The reliability of the superstructure of Xisubu super bridge is calculated and analyzed by using JC method. The reliability index of each main section is greater than the target reliability of 4.7. It is determined that the safety of the bridge is high. According to the theory of time-varying reliability, the reliability index of the Xisubao super bridge in the subsequent service period is predicted, which meets the requirements of service life and reserves a certain degree of safety. The data show that the reliability of the bridge decreases with the increase of the service time of the structure. (5) the basic principle of the verification load is introduced, and the resistance of the structure is inferred directly from the data provided by the bridge load test. In the two factors of verifying the load and the resistance attenuation, the influence of the resistance attenuation on the structural reliability is more significant, and it is proved that the reliability of the structure decreases after considering the change of the resistance. The worse the environmental conditions, the greater the degree of structural reliability reduction, and it is possible to not meet the target reliability requirements. (6) through the example calculation and theoretical analysis, it is pointed out that the verification load can better analyze the actual reliability of the structure. The main reason is that the effective truncation of the tail of the resistance is affected, and the load method is verified as a direct method to infer the resistance of the structure. The research results show that using the time-varying reliability theory to evaluate the safety of existing bridge structures can not only make engineers have a better understanding of the current situation of the structures, It can also enable the relevant management to predict the future service situation of the structure and approximate forecast. According to the results of time-varying reliability evaluation, the bridge health monitoring system is developed. According to the different actual service environment of the structure, we should select the appropriate law of resistance attenuation, and evaluate the reliability of the bridge during the subsequent service period correctly. On the other hand, in the reliability analysis under the consideration of the verification load, the reliability analysis is used to make a reasonable maintenance and reinforcement scheme for the structure. Because the validation load method for structural reliability analysis is based on the non-destructive verification load test, the reliability of the structure can be improved under certain conditions. Therefore, this method has a good prospect of application, and it needs further study and practice in the face of problems such as test methods and evaluation of test results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U446

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