本文選題：烏尉高速天山段　切入點：巖石凍融　出處：《成都理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：烏尉高速天山段以近南北向橫切東天山，屬于高寒高海拔地區(qū)，區(qū)內(nèi)地層巖性復雜，且屬天山構造帶，經(jīng)歷了多期的復雜褶皺、斷裂、抬升等運動，形成如今的構造格局。路線沿途經(jīng)歷山前洪積平原、高山峽谷、山間盆地、河谷階地等多種地貌單元，并切割不同的巖土體，加上研究區(qū)特有的大溫差氣候條件，形成了邊坡地質(zhì)災害的多樣性。 本文通過現(xiàn)場深入調(diào)查，系統(tǒng)收集了烏尉高速天山段具有典型高寒高海拔地區(qū)的巖體凍融及邊坡崩塌災害的地質(zhì)信息，對沿線91個邊坡崩塌災害進行分析與評價，探索了區(qū)內(nèi)巖體凍融風化對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響以及區(qū)內(nèi)崩塌邊坡的破壞機制。在此基礎上，選取典型崩塌災害點，結合室內(nèi)試驗及數(shù)值模擬等方法，分析了研究線路上崩塌災害的成災機制，失穩(wěn)模式及發(fā)展規(guī)律。 通過以上研究，論文主要成果如下： （1）研究區(qū)跨越多種地貌單元，其中天山北坡主要為橫向峽谷及盆地寬谷區(qū)，而南坡則多為寬谷區(qū)。地層巖性復雜，路線走廊帶分布了自元古界～古生界～中生界～新生界的地層以及花崗巖體。氣候多樣，本地區(qū)一年中最大溫差達到70℃，晝夜最大溫差也可達40-50℃，降雨主要集中在6-8月，且4、5月時天氣較暖，開始雪融、河流解凍。 （2）研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，烏尉高速天山段巖石凍融主要受以下因素影響：①氣候因素，提供凍融風化所需的大溫差及水分；②巖性條件，巖石的膠結程度越好，抗凍融風化能力越強；③結構面條件，結構面是凍融風化的通道，增大了裂隙，提供了更多的臨空面，加速了凍融風化；④地應力因素，地應力影響了巖體內(nèi)裂隙的擴展以及裂隙水的賦存范圍，從而影響了巖石的凍融風化；⑤巖體的物理性質(zhì)是影響凍融特性的主要因素，密度小、孔隙率大、含水量高的巖石受凍融循環(huán)影響顯著，反之，含水量小的巖石受凍融循環(huán)影響較��；⑥凍融溫度范圍越大周期越長則凍融風化越強烈；⑦巖石熱力學性質(zhì)，在一定程度上影響著巖體溫度的變化以及大溫差的范圍，，從而影響了凍融風化的速度。 （3）天山北坡線路邊坡高陡，崩塌災害發(fā)育程度比南坡高，且主要集中在海拔2200m以上的高寒高海拔山區(qū)。按照崩塌災害的失穩(wěn)模式分類，可把區(qū)內(nèi)崩塌分為凍融—風化剝落、滑塌、傾倒、墜落四種模式；其中，凍融—風化剝落為研究路線上典型的失穩(wěn)模式，主要分布在勝利達坂附近2500m以上的路段。而其余三種典型失穩(wěn)模式，在研究區(qū)段內(nèi)均有分布，且滑塌失穩(wěn)的數(shù)量最多，研究揭示這一現(xiàn)象源于區(qū)內(nèi)邊坡巖體的卸荷裂隙（溝谷與區(qū)域最大主應力方向垂直）、構造裂隙與凍融劈裂頻繁的耦合作用。 （4）從對典型凍融崩塌邊坡的數(shù)值模擬可以看出，①溫度越低，凍融時間越長，循環(huán)次數(shù)越多，則邊坡的凍融越強烈，其凍融深度也隨之逐步加深。②隨著溫度的降低，凍融循環(huán)的次數(shù)的增多，巖體所受剪應力越來越大（一般呈線性關系增長），邊坡被破壞的速度越快。③在凍融作用中，邊坡首先從外層臨空面開始被破壞，并隨著凍融的進行，巖體逐層剝落并最終形成崩塌。
[Abstract]:Wu Wei high-speed section of East Tianshan Tianshan nearly north-south cross, belong to the alpine high altitude area, strata complex lithology, and Tianshan Belt, has experienced complicated folds, multi fracture, uplift movement, tectonic form today. Along the route through the alluvial plains, mountains and valleys and mountain basin. Terraces and other landforms units, and cutting rock and soil in different climatic conditions, large temperature difference and the study area characteristic, forming a diversity of slope geological disasters.
Through field investigation, geological information system collects Wu Wei high-speed rock Tianshan section has typical Alpine high altitude and slope freeze-thaw collapse, analysis and evaluation on the 91 landslide disasters, exploration in the area of rock freeze-thaw weathering effect on slope stability and failure mechanism of the landslide slope area. On this basis, the typical landslide disasters, combined with laboratory experiment and numerical simulation methods, analyzes the disaster mechanism research on the line collapse, instability and the law of development.
Through the above research, the main achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) the study area a variety of landforms, the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is mainly horizontal gully area and valley basin, the southern slope of gully region. It is a complex lithology, corridor route distribution from the Proterozoic to Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic strata ~ ~ and granite. Climate diversity, local year maximum the temperature reached 70 degrees, the maximum temperature difference between day and night is up to 40-50 DEG C, rainfall mainly concentrated in 6-8 months, and 4,5 months when the weather is warmer, the snow melt rivers began, thawing.
(2) the study found, mainly by the following factors of Wu Wei high-speed Tianshan section of rock freeze-thaw: climatic factors, with large temperature difference and water freeze thaw weathering required; the lithology and rock cementation degree, freeze-thaw weathering ability is strong; the structure of surface structure, surface is frozen weathered channel, increase the fissures, provide more free surface, accelerated freeze-thaw weathering; the stress factors, the effects of stress of rock fracture expansion and fissure water in scope, thus affecting the freeze-thaw and weathering of rock; the rock physical properties are the main factors, the influence of freeze-thaw characteristics low density, high porosity, high water content of rock freeze-thaw cycle significantly, whereas small water content of rock freeze-thaw cycle is smaller; the freeze-thaw temperature range the greater the longer the cycle of freeze-thaw weathering rock and thermodynamics of more intense; Quality affects the temperature change of rock mass and the range of the large temperature difference to a certain extent, thus affecting the speed of the weathering of the freeze-thaw.
(3) on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains line of high steep slope, landslide disaster development than the south, and mainly concentrated in the above 2200m Alpine high altitude mountain. According to the classification of collapse disaster loss of stability in the region, can be divided into freeze-thaw collapse - weathering, collapse, collapse, falling four models; the freeze thaw weathering - loss, steady mode as the research route of the typical, mainly distributed in the victory over 2500m Road near Osaka. While the rest of the three typical failure modes, were distributed in the study region and slide instability of the largest number of studies reveal this phenomenon originates from the area of rock slope the unloading fissure (maximum principal stress direction of Regional Gully and vertical), structural cracks and freeze-thaw coupling frequently.
(4) from that of typical numerical simulation of freezing thawing slope collapse, the lower the temperature is, the longer the time of freeze-thaw cycles, more freeze-thaw slope is more intense, the freezing thawing depth gradually deepened. Second, with the decrease of temperature, increase the times of freezing and thawing cycles, rock mass the shear stress increasing (general linear growth), slope destruction faster. In the freezing and thawing, first from the outer surface of slope has been destroyed, and with freezing and thawing, rock layer peeling and eventually collapse.

【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U418.55;P642.21

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