本文選題：公交客車　切入點：運力匹配　出處：《重慶交通大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：公交客車作為我國大中城市的主要交通工具，其運力的合理匹配度影響著城市公共交通的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。優(yōu)化公交客車運力的匹配度，是提高公交服務(wù)水平、緩解城市擁堵、引導低碳生活、創(chuàng)建和諧交通環(huán)境的有效措施。本文從節(jié)能減排的角度出發(fā)，基于多目標規(guī)劃理論對公交客車運力結(jié)構(gòu)匹配和線路運力匹配進行了研究，建立了相關(guān)的匹配模型。論文主要完成的工作如下： 第一，從宏觀、中觀和微觀三個方面對公交客車運力匹配的影響因素進行了分析。宏觀方面分析了國家政策、城市規(guī)模、城市經(jīng)濟技術(shù)發(fā)展狀況和城市環(huán)境狀況對公交客車運力匹配的影響；中觀方面主要從客流需求特性、公交客車的滿載率、道路交通條件、線路和站點通行能力等方面闡述了其對公交客車運力匹配的影響；微觀方面從與公交客車相關(guān)的購置費用、運營特性、技術(shù)參數(shù)等方面分析了對公交客車運力匹配的影響。 第二，對公交客車運力結(jié)構(gòu)匹配進行了研究。首先，分析了公交客車種類及相關(guān)的技術(shù)參數(shù)（外廓尺寸、比功率、最大爬坡度、接近角、離去角、轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑等），在此基礎(chǔ)上，對公交客車運力結(jié)構(gòu)與道路條件的匹配進行了研究；其次，從低碳經(jīng)濟的角度出發(fā)，分析了不同類型公交客車的碳排放量及其經(jīng)濟處理成本，并對公交客車運力結(jié)構(gòu)與城市環(huán)境的匹配性進行了研究；最后，以公交客車尾氣排放，人均碳排放量，，購置、運營和報廢成本，運力規(guī)模等各方面因素為約束條件，建立了人均碳排量處理成本與公交企業(yè)人均支出成本均最小的多目標模型運力結(jié)構(gòu)匹配模型。 第三，構(gòu)建了基于多目標規(guī)劃的單條公交線路運力匹配模型。在所建立的模型中，綜合考慮了環(huán)境效益和經(jīng)濟效益，分別以公交客車人均碳排量處理成本最小化、公交企業(yè)人均支出成本最小化、乘客人均出行成本最小化為目標，以發(fā)車頻率、道路交通條件、客流需求量等因素為約束條件，建立了公交線路運力匹配模型，以此確定單條公交線路公交客車合理的發(fā)車頻率、數(shù)目及車型結(jié)構(gòu)。 第四，以莆田市公交為例，對運力匹配模型進行了理論驗證。
[Abstract]:As the main means of transportation in large and medium-sized cities in China, the reasonable matching degree of public transport capacity affects the sustainable development of urban public transport. Optimizing the matching degree of bus capacity is to improve the level of public transport services and alleviate urban congestion. In this paper, based on the theory of multi-objective programming, the matching of bus capacity structure and line capacity is studied from the point of view of energy saving and emission reduction. The relevant matching model is established. The main work of this paper is as follows:. First, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of bus capacity matching from three aspects: macro, meso and micro. In macro aspect, it analyzes the national policy, the scale of the city, The effects of urban economic and technological development and urban environmental conditions on the capacity matching of public transport buses, mainly from the characteristics of passenger flow demand, the full load rate of bus, the conditions of road traffic, The influence of route and station capacity on bus capacity matching is expounded, and the influence on bus capacity matching is analyzed from the aspects of purchase cost, operation characteristics, technical parameters and so on. Secondly, the matching of bus transport capacity structure is studied. Firstly, the types of bus and related technical parameters (outer dimension, specific power, maximum climbing slope, approaching angle, departure angle, turning radius, etc.) are analyzed. The matching of bus transport capacity structure and road conditions is studied. Secondly, from the perspective of low-carbon economy, the carbon emissions of different types of bus and their economic treatment costs are analyzed. The matching between bus transport capacity structure and urban environment is studied. Finally, the factors such as bus exhaust emission, per capita carbon emission, purchase, operation and scrap cost, capacity scale and so on are taken as constraints. A multi-objective model of capacity structure matching is established, in which the cost of carbon emission treatment per capita and the cost of per capita expenditure of public transport enterprises are the minimum. Thirdly, the capacity matching model of single bus line based on multi-objective programming is constructed. In the model, considering the environmental benefit and economic benefit, the average carbon emission of bus is minimized, respectively. The minimum per capita expenditure cost of public transport enterprises and the minimum per passenger travel cost are the objectives. Taking the departure frequency, road traffic conditions, passenger flow demand and other factors as the constraints, the paper establishes a matching model for the capacity of public transport lines. The reasonable departure frequency, number and vehicle structure of bus with single bus line are determined. In 4th, taking Putian city public transportation as an example, the model of capacity matching was theoretically verified.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U469.13;U491.17

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