發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-28 17:13

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 過飽和 狀態(tài)識(shí)別 延誤控制 協(xié)調(diào)控制 交叉干道 群體動(dòng)力學(xué)　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量呈現(xiàn)快速增長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)，而城市道路增長(zhǎng)有限且緩慢，導(dǎo)致城市的交通出行嚴(yán)重受阻，交通擁堵頻發(fā)，交通過飽和狀態(tài)已經(jīng)成為常態(tài)。如何從整個(gè)交通系統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)略角度出發(fā)，采取有效的交通措施緩解過飽和交通問題已經(jīng)成為城市發(fā)展的新要求。本文從交通信號(hào)控制入手，針對(duì)現(xiàn)有過飽和信號(hào)控制理論方法的不足，結(jié)合過飽和交通狀態(tài)的特征，在過飽和交通狀態(tài)識(shí)別、過飽和單點(diǎn)控制模型建立、過飽和干道協(xié)調(diào)控制模型建立以及過飽和交叉口群的協(xié)調(diào)控制等方面進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的研究與探討，主要的研究成果可概括如下： 1.通過分析各種不同對(duì)象的過飽和交通狀態(tài)，給出了過飽和交通狀態(tài)的定義，進(jìn)一步說明了在過飽和狀態(tài)下，交叉口存在綠燈時(shí)間使用率高、進(jìn)口道排隊(duì)積累以及車輛延誤顯著增加的交通特性，利用過飽和下的排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)特性，，提出了基于最大排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度的過飽和狀態(tài)判別方法，該方法簡(jiǎn)單易行但存在一定的局限性，為了更有效地識(shí)別過飽和交通狀態(tài)，利用檢測(cè)器的檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)建立了滯留排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度預(yù)測(cè)模型和上游交叉口溢流預(yù)測(cè)模型，基于這兩個(gè)模型提出了兩個(gè)描述過飽和現(xiàn)象的兩個(gè)交通參數(shù)（排隊(duì)消散系數(shù)和溢流阻滯系數(shù)）的計(jì)算公式，并通過算例分析驗(yàn)證了這兩個(gè)系數(shù)可以有效識(shí)別過飽和交通狀態(tài)。 2.分別論述了在過飽和交通狀態(tài)下單交叉口的動(dòng)態(tài)信號(hào)控制、排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度相等、主動(dòng)排隊(duì)控制和延誤最小化控制等四種不同控制策略，以延誤最小化為主要控制目標(biāo)，兼顧其它三種策略建立了延誤連續(xù)控制模型和延誤離散控制模型，延誤連續(xù)控制模型以連續(xù)車流為對(duì)象，從進(jìn)口道的延誤計(jì)算入手構(gòu)建了交叉口整體的延誤計(jì)算模型，說明通過優(yōu)化求解可得到交叉口的最優(yōu)控制方案，而延誤離散控制模型以單位時(shí)間（周期）的車流為對(duì)象，從交叉口的整體延誤計(jì)算入手建立了交叉口的控制模型，設(shè)計(jì)了遺傳算法和極值轉(zhuǎn)換算法分別求取離散控制模型，以離散控制模型求解算例說明了模型的合理性。 3.以過飽和干道單方向的通行能力最大為目標(biāo)，提出了單向協(xié)調(diào)控制模型的目標(biāo)函數(shù)，分析了模型的約束條件，提出了過飽和下的四種不同排隊(duì)控制策略，基于這四種排隊(duì)控制策略建立了過飽和下的單向協(xié)調(diào)控制模型，以單向模型的協(xié)調(diào)主方向?yàn)榍疤�，說明了干道次方向存在交通阻滯、交通補(bǔ)償和綠燈空放三種交通狀態(tài)，進(jìn)一步建立了不同交通狀態(tài)下進(jìn)口道放行量的計(jì)算公式，綜合兩個(gè)方向的約束條件，建立了以主方向優(yōu)先的過飽和雙向協(xié)調(diào)控制模型，通過算例分析了不同排隊(duì)控制策略下干道的控制效果，并對(duì)比分析了四種策略的優(yōu)劣，驗(yàn)證說明了模型的正確性。 4.分析了過飽和狀態(tài)下交叉干道的協(xié)調(diào)控制方法，提出了采用不同的優(yōu)先級(jí)別實(shí)現(xiàn)交叉干道的協(xié)調(diào)控制，并設(shè)計(jì)了不同優(yōu)先級(jí)別的干道權(quán)重系數(shù)的計(jì)算過程，介紹了交叉干道協(xié)調(diào)控制子區(qū)的劃分方法和子區(qū)間的路段集合，同時(shí)對(duì)這些協(xié)調(diào)控制基本單元進(jìn)行了參數(shù)定義，重點(diǎn)說明了子區(qū)間路段集合的權(quán)重計(jì)算公式，設(shè)計(jì)了過飽和下的交叉干道協(xié)調(diào)控制的步聚，方法從權(quán)重最大的子區(qū)入手基于路段權(quán)重大小逐步將各個(gè)子區(qū)合并直至將整個(gè)區(qū)域合并，基于協(xié)調(diào)控制步驟建立了交叉干道協(xié)調(diào)控制模型，通過算例進(jìn)一步說明了過飽和下交叉干道的協(xié)調(diào)控制實(shí)現(xiàn)過程。 5.分析說明了群體動(dòng)力學(xué)理論與方法，提出采用遞階協(xié)調(diào)的方式、動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化交叉口的周期和綠信比實(shí)現(xiàn)過飽和下的交叉口群協(xié)調(diào)控制方法，基于群體動(dòng)力學(xué)原理，建立了交叉口綠信比優(yōu)化調(diào)整的動(dòng)力學(xué)算子，并對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性做出了分析與說明，對(duì)過飽和下交叉口群的合并與分離條件進(jìn)行了定義，并針對(duì)這兩種情況設(shè)計(jì)了周期和綠信比等的調(diào)整算法，綜合兩種算法提出了過飽和下的整體動(dòng)態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)控制算法，同時(shí)以過飽和排隊(duì)延誤最小建立了過飽和下的交叉口群協(xié)調(diào)控制模型，說明其優(yōu)化求解流程，最后以廣州市中山路為案例說明模型的優(yōu)化求解結(jié)果，并與MAXBAND方法、TRANSYT-7F方法的協(xié)調(diào)效果對(duì)比驗(yàn)證說明模型的優(yōu)越性。 6.以廣州市天河區(qū)天河北路為案例，運(yùn)用過飽和交通識(shí)別方法判定天河北路的過飽和交通狀態(tài)，利用延誤控制模型優(yōu)化各交叉口的綠信比，運(yùn)用干道協(xié)調(diào)控制模型優(yōu)化干道整體的配時(shí)方案，并通過交通仿真分析天河北路在改善前、綠波協(xié)調(diào)控制下及改善后的延誤時(shí)間及停車次數(shù)指標(biāo)的變化情況，驗(yàn)證說明了論文研究成果的正確性與實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:With the development of city economy, the amount of vehicle showed rapid growth, and the growth of city road is limited and slow, leading to the city traffic blocked traffic congestion frequent traffic saturation has become the norm. From the whole traffic system of the strategic point of view, to take effective measures to alleviate the traffic problem over saturated traffic it has become a new demand for the development of city. This paper starts from the traffic signal control, aiming at the existing problems of saturated signal control theory, combined with the characteristics of saturated traffic state, in the saturated traffic state recognition, supersaturated the single point control model, has carried on the related research and Discussion on the oversaturated arterial road coordinate control model and coordinated control of oversaturated intersection group and so on. The main results can be summarized as follows:
1. through the analysis of all kinds of different objects over saturated traffic conditions, gives a definition of the saturated traffic state, further explained in the saturated state, the intersection of existing green time high usage rate, import line traffic characteristics and the accumulation of significant increase in vehicle delay, queue length is longer under the saturation characteristics, put forward the maximum queue length of the saturated state identification method based on this method is simple but has certain limitation, in order to more effectively identify over saturated traffic conditions, using the detection data detector establishes retention prediction model of queue length and the upstream intersection overflow prediction model, based on the two models of the two descriptions of supersaturation the phenomenon of the two traffic parameters (the queue dissipation coefficient and overflow block coefficient) calculation formula, and verified the two coefficients can be effective through an example analysis Identify supersaturated traffic.
The 2. discusses the over saturated traffic conditions under dynamic intersection signal control, queue length is equal to control and delay minimization control of four different control strategies of active queue, to minimize delays as the main control objectives, taking into account the other three strategies established continuous delay control model and control model of discrete delay, delay continuous control model in a continuous flow, the calculation of construction of the whole intersection delay model was imported from the delay, that the optimal control scheme can be obtained through the intersection optimization, and discrete delay control model in unit time (period) of the flow, the delay control model for computation of the intersection is established from the whole the intersection of the design algorithm of genetic algorithm and extreme conversion is used to obtain discrete control model with discrete control model for examples to illustrate the model Reasonableness.
3. roads to supersaturation single direction maximum capacity as the goal, target function one coordinated control model is put forward, analyzed the constraints of the model, put forward the supersaturation under four different queuing control strategy, the four kinds of queue control strategy established one-way coordinated control model based on the supersaturation, to coordinate the main direction of the model is the premise of the road secondary direction traffic block, traffic lights and compensation air put three kinds of traffic state, further establishes the calculation formula of different traffic conditions, release amount, synthesis constraints in two directions, to establish a main direction priority over saturation of the bidirectional coordinate control model through the example analysis, the control effect of different control strategies under the road line, and comparative analysis of four methods, verify the correctness of the model.
4. analysis of the coordinated control method for saturated cross roads, the coordination with different priority levels to achieve cross roads, and the design calculation process of road weight coefficient of different priority level, introduces set cross arterial road coordinate control sub area decomposition method and sub interval sections, at the same time to coordinate these the basic unit of the control parameter definition, focusing on the calculation formula of the weight set of sub interval sections, designed cross arterial road coordinate control step over saturated conditions together, from the largest sub area of size will gradually merge based on sections of the weight of each sub area until the entire region merging step is established based on coordinated control coordinated control model of cross roads, through examples further illustrate the supersaturation under cross road coordinate control process.
The 5. illustrates the theory and method of group dynamics, puts forward the hierarchical coordination mode, cycle dynamic adjustment and optimization of the intersection and green ratio achieved over saturated conditions of intersection group coordinated control method based on the principle of population dynamics, we established the intersection of split operator dynamics optimization, and made analysis and explain to the stability condition of merger and separation under oversaturated intersection group are defined, and the design of the adjustment algorithm of cycle and green ratio etc. in these two cases, put forward two algorithms the algorithm overall dynamic coordinated control over saturated conditions, at the same time to saturation queuing delay minimization the oversaturated intersection group coordinated control model, the optimization process, taking Guangzhou city as a case study in Zhongshan Road that results in the optimal solution of the model, and MAXBAND method, TRANSYT-7F method The comparison of the coordination results shows the superiority of the model.
6. in Guangzhou City, Tianhe District Tianhe North Road as a case, using the saturated traffic identification method to determine the tianhebei over saturated traffic conditions, using delay optimization control model of the intersection of green signal ratio, using the arterial road coordinate control the overall optimization model for road traffic simulation, and through the analysis in the Tianhe north road improvement, change index number of delay time and parking control under the green wave coordinated and improved, verify the correctness of the research results and practical.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.54

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