本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電子不停車收費系統(tǒng) 車載單元 專用短程通信 電子標(biāo)簽　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電子不停車收費系統(tǒng)（Electronic Toll Collection，簡稱ETC）采用收費處理電子化、自動化，可以有效解決交通擁堵、噪聲尾氣污染等問題，提高高速公路車輛通行能力和改善用戶駕車環(huán)境。車載單元(On Board Unit，簡稱OBU)是ETC系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,是一種實現(xiàn)移動身份識別和電子收費作用的電子標(biāo)簽。 本論文參與了北京市嵌入式系統(tǒng)實驗室基于RFID應(yīng)用的研發(fā)項目，主要研究RFID應(yīng)用的單芯片和系統(tǒng)解決方案實現(xiàn)。OBU系統(tǒng)是智能交通領(lǐng)域RFID支付應(yīng)用的重要組成部分。研發(fā)符合我國電子不停車收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的高性價比電子標(biāo)簽，是推行不停車收費系統(tǒng)使用和降低整個系統(tǒng)成本的重要力量之一，因此研究符合我國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電子標(biāo)簽是非常有意義并具有客觀的市場前景。本課題基于ETC系統(tǒng)中車載單元的研究，以ETC系統(tǒng)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議、技術(shù)要求和工程應(yīng)用技術(shù)規(guī)范為理論基礎(chǔ)，基于高性價比、小體積和低功耗的設(shè)計思想，提出了一款雙片式車載電子標(biāo)簽的系統(tǒng)解決方案。 系統(tǒng)硬件實現(xiàn)上，采用集成IC方案和電路模塊化設(shè)計。系統(tǒng)主要功能模塊的實現(xiàn)采用低成本、低功耗、小封裝且高度集成的IC芯片，其中處理器選擇TI公司的MSP430F5514單片機(jī)，高頻部分采用具有低功耗、小封裝特點的SKY1301讀卡器芯片，5.8GHz射頻部分采用業(yè)界集成度最高的ETC射頻芯片ET6602。系統(tǒng)PCB電路板級實現(xiàn)采取模塊化設(shè)計，避免模塊之間的相互干擾，并進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)信號完整性分析。另外，針對OBU系統(tǒng)長時間電池供電的需求，設(shè)計了一種低功耗方案，降低OBU電池失效的風(fēng)險，提高系統(tǒng)供電的穩(wěn)定性與持久性。 系統(tǒng)軟件實現(xiàn)上，根據(jù)OBU系統(tǒng)的工作特點，設(shè)計了一種基于中斷服務(wù)程序的主程序軟件系統(tǒng)。主程序采用硬件驅(qū)動層、協(xié)議驅(qū)動層和應(yīng)用層三層層次化設(shè)計，并對應(yīng)用接口進(jìn)行模塊設(shè)計，實現(xiàn)層與層之間應(yīng)用接口的方便調(diào)用。針對OBU系統(tǒng)安全性應(yīng)用要求，設(shè)計了軟硬件雙重防拆機(jī)制，并提供實現(xiàn)防拆卸和恢復(fù)的應(yīng)用接口。 系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)后，在實驗室采用ETC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備對系統(tǒng)功能、射頻性能和整體軟件應(yīng)用進(jìn)行測試，并對得到的測試結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗證分析，，測試結(jié)果表明，設(shè)計的OBU系統(tǒng)各項性能指標(biāo)均達(dá)到國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，實現(xiàn)了電子標(biāo)簽的功能。與同類電子標(biāo)簽相比，設(shè)計方案具有低功耗、高性價比的特點，在硬件成本和功耗上具備一定的優(yōu)勢，因此本文提出的實現(xiàn)方案對電子標(biāo)簽的設(shè)計具有一定參考價值和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Electronic Toll Collection, an electronic toll collection system, can effectively solve the problems of traffic congestion and noise exhaust pollution by means of electronic charge processing and automation. The vehicular unit on Board Unit (OBU) is an important part of the ETC system, and it is a kind of electronic tag to realize the function of mobile identification and electronic charge. This paper participated in the research and development project of Beijing embedded system Laboratory based on RFID application. This paper mainly studies the realization of single chip and system solution of RFID application. OBU system is an important part of RFID payment application in intelligent transportation field. Is one of the most important forces in the implementation of the non-stop charging system and in reducing the cost of the whole system. Therefore, it is very meaningful and has an objective market prospect to study electronic labels that conform to the standards of our country. Based on the research of on-board unit in ETC system, this paper uses the standard protocol of ETC system. Based on the theory of technical requirements and engineering application specifications, and based on the design ideas of high performance and price ratio, small volume and low power consumption, a system solution of dual-chip on-board electronic label is proposed. The main functional modules of the system are implemented with low cost, low power consumption, small package and highly integrated IC chip, in which TI's MSP430F5514 single chip microcomputer is chosen as the processor. In the high frequency part, the SKY1301 card reader chip with low power consumption and small package is used in the 5.8GHz RF part. The ETC RF chip ET6602, which is the most integrated in the industry, is adopted. The system adopts modularization design at the PCB circuit board level to avoid the mutual interference between the modules. In addition, a low power consumption scheme is designed to reduce the risk of OBU battery failure and improve the stability and durability of power supply for OBU system. In the realization of system software, according to the working characteristics of OBU system, a main program software system based on interrupt service program is designed. The main program adopts three layers: hardware driver layer, protocol driver layer and application layer. The application interface is designed to realize the convenient calling of the application interface between the layers. According to the security application requirement of OBU system, the dual anti-disassembly mechanism of software and hardware is designed, and the application interface to realize anti-disassembly and recovery is provided. After the implementation of the system, ETC standard equipment is used to test the system function, radio frequency performance and the application of the whole software in the laboratory, and the test results are verified and analyzed. The test results show that, All the performance indexes of the designed OBU system meet the requirements of the national standard and realize the function of the electronic tag. Compared with the similar electronic label, the design scheme has the characteristics of low power consumption and high performance-to-price ratio. It has some advantages in hardware cost and power consumption, so the implementation scheme proposed in this paper has certain reference value and significance for the design of electronic tag.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U495

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