發(fā)布時間：2018-02-15 10:33

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 車-橋墩碰撞 撞擊力 LS-DYNA 損傷評估　出處：《華東交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國交通事業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，道路交通量和橋梁建設(shè)的總量也在與日俱增，由此也帶來了越來越頻繁的車橋碰撞相關(guān)問題。目前，在全世界范圍內(nèi)車橋碰撞已經(jīng)造成了許多次的災(zāi)難性事故，如此大的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失也使得這一問題引起了全世界的重視。對于我國在這一問題上的研究還遠(yuǎn)不足夠，我國在考慮車橋撞擊力問題上還沒有專門的規(guī)范公式來參照使用，而相關(guān)的規(guī)范中僅規(guī)定了車-護(hù)欄撞擊方面，并未涉及車-橋墩撞擊，因此我國在這一問題上的規(guī)范還不夠符合實(shí)際的情況，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以完善�，F(xiàn)在許多學(xué)者正分別從不同的角度來研究車-橋墩撞擊的相關(guān)問題，，本篇論文即是利用LS-DYNA軟件仿真模擬車-橋墩碰撞并進(jìn)行研究分析，主要工作如下： （1）研究分析國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對車橋碰撞問題的相關(guān)成果，首先整理他們的分析思路和主要研究對象，并評估不同研究方法的優(yōu)勢與劣勢，再結(jié)合自身的研究設(shè)備從而確定自己的研究思路。 （2）利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA軟件分別建立車輛和橋梁的有限元模型。首先在建立模型的過程中還要兼顧材料仿真與保證運(yùn)算速度等方面的特點(diǎn)，合理的進(jìn)行選擇材料模型及各相關(guān)的參數(shù)。再次從能量的角度對有整體的有限元模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，確定該模型用于車-橋墩碰撞模擬的準(zhǔn)確性及合理性。 （3）利用LS-DYNA軟件對影響車-橋墩最大撞擊力的各主要因素進(jìn)行分別模擬仿真，即墩底邊界條件、汽車質(zhì)量、緩沖器、碰撞速度和碰撞角度五大因素。通過仿真模擬得出相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，用以分析最大撞擊力與各因素之間的變化規(guī)律。 （4）對不同因素下受撞橋梁進(jìn)行損傷評估，分別從總體損傷和局部損傷兩個方面進(jìn)行評估。對于總體損傷評估，主要是以墩臺的軸向力承載力的變化率與規(guī)范評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行的評估；而對于局部損傷評估，主要是依靠PREPOST后處理器分別提取出各因素撞擊下的墩頂?shù)乃轿灰�、沉降及墩底�?yīng)力，將其與規(guī)范限值進(jìn)行對比進(jìn)行損傷評估。結(jié)果表明車-橋墩碰撞時的各因素的變化與規(guī)范下的車-護(hù)欄碰撞并不相同，且所帶來的對橋梁的損傷有時是致命的，因此在橋梁設(shè)計(jì)需要加強(qiáng)對汽車這一偶然撞擊的考慮，同時還應(yīng)當(dāng)規(guī)范進(jìn)一步地完善。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's transport, the total volume of traffic and bridge construction in bridge which brings grow with each passing day, more and more frequent collision related problems. At present, in the world bridge collision has caused many times of catastrophic accidents, such as the large casualties and economic losses but also makes this problem has aroused the attention of the world. The research on this problem in our country is far from enough, our country in terms of the impact force is no standard axle formula to a special reference to the use of the relevant specifications, and only provides car barrier impact, did not involve car pier collision therefore, in this issue of the standard of our country is not enough to meet the actual situation, it should be perfected. Now many scholars are from different angles to study the vehicle bridge pier impact related problems, this paper is The LS-DYNA software is used to simulate the collision of the bridge pier and carry on the research and analysis. The main work is as follows:
(1) research and analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on vehicle bridge collision problems. First, organize their analysis ideas and main research objects, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different research methods, then combine their own research equipment, so as to identify their research ideas.
(2) finite element models of vehicle and bridge by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. Firstly, the operation speed but also take into account the characteristics of materials such as simulation and guarantee in the model building process, reasonable selection of material model and the related parameters. Again from the energy angle of a complete finite element model is verified. The model is used to determine the accuracy of simulation of vehicle collision and rationality.
(3) the main factors affecting vehicle using LS-DYNA software on the pier of the maximum impact force were simulated, the pier bottom boundary conditions, vehicle quality, buffer, impact velocity and impact angle of five factors. Through the simulation that the related data is used to analyze the variation between the maximum impact force and other factors.
(4) under the impact of different factors for damage assessment of bridges, were evaluated from the two aspects of the overall damage and local damage. The damage assessment is mainly to assess the changes of axial force of pier bearing capacity ratio and standard criterion for evaluation; and for the local damage assessment, mainly rely on PREPOST processors are extracted from various factors under the impact of the horizontal displacement of pier top and bottom of the pier settlement, stress, and the specification limits are compared for damage assessment. The results show that the changes of various factors and standard vehicle collision pier under the car barrier crash is not the same, and brought to the bridge the damage is sometimes fatal, so in the design of bridges need to strengthen the impact of the car accident, also should be standardized further perfect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U447

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本文編號：1513065