本文關(guān)鍵詞： 交通流 元胞自動機模型 匝道控制　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：交通運輸業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,促進了經(jīng)濟的繁榮,提高了人民的生活水平。但是也帶來了一系列的社會問題,主要有嚴重的環(huán)境污染、頻繁的交通事故和大面積的交通擁堵三個方面。雖然各個國家都在積極的采取措施解決這些問題。但是多年來國內(nèi)外的實踐經(jīng)驗表明,僅僅依靠增加交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、限制車輛的出行數(shù)量并不能有效解決現(xiàn)有的各種交通問題。這就需要利用系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的原理對整個交通系統(tǒng)進行分析,找出各種交通現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的本質(zhì)原因和他們之間相互轉(zhuǎn)化的內(nèi)部機理,才能有針對性的去解決各種交通問題。本文通過建立更加符合實際駕駛操作行為的三相交通流元胞自動機模型,并將其運用到主線入口流率和匝道入口流率都固定的單入口匝道系統(tǒng)當中,找到最佳的匝道入口流量控制方法。本文的研究內(nèi)容具體包含以下兩部分:(1)基于車輛作用時距的交通流元胞自動機建模研究對現(xiàn)有的三相交通流元胞自動機模型進行認真的分析總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn),這些模型在考慮車輛的隨機減速慢化過程時與實際駕駛操作行為存在著較大的差異。本文以MVDE模型的更新規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ),按照車輛的行駛速度對車輛之間的作用距離進行重新定義,并且在確定隨機減速慢化時引入了前后相鄰兩輛車的速度大小關(guān)系對于相鄰后車發(fā)生減速幅度和減速可能性大小的影響,修改了MVDE模型中的更新規(guī)則,建立了新的元胞自動機模型(S-MVDE)。然后對S-MVDE模型在周期邊界條件下均勻無交通瓶頸結(jié)構(gòu)的道路上模擬仿真統(tǒng)計出了密度——流量關(guān)系和密度——速度關(guān)系,并結(jié)合時空演化圖對不同密度范圍下道路上的交通流狀態(tài)進行分析。接著按照交通流狀態(tài)處于同ki流時所具有的特征對S-MVDE模型進行驗證,最后又在開口邊界條件下有孤立入口匝道形成交通瓶頸結(jié)構(gòu)的道路上仿真模擬其在交通瓶頸處的擁堵模式,并結(jié)合Kerner等人在實際道路上的交通流中觀察到的交通擁堵模式進行比較驗證。(2)基于統(tǒng)計學(xué)的單入口匝道控制研究本文在分析研究了現(xiàn)有的四種主要的單入口匝道控制方法(定時控制、需求—容量差額控制、可接受間隙控制和ALINEA匝道控制)的基礎(chǔ)上,基于統(tǒng)計學(xué)的理論提出了一種新的單入口匝道控制方法,并且以主路入口流率為0.1、匝道入口流率為0.6的開邊界道路結(jié)構(gòu)為例,運用新提出的單入口匝道控制方法進行控制研究,在分析比較的基礎(chǔ)上得到了最佳的控制周期,最后對控制前后的仿真模擬結(jié)果進行比較分析,證明了新方法的可行性和實用性。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the transportation industry has promoted the prosperity of the economy and raised the living standards of the people. But it has also brought a series of social problems, mainly serious environmental pollution. Frequent traffic accidents and large areas of traffic jams. Although every country is actively taking measures to solve these problems, the practical experience at home and abroad over the years shows that only relying on increasing traffic infrastructure, Limiting the number of vehicles can not effectively solve the existing traffic problems, which requires the use of the principles of system science to analyze the entire transportation system. To find out the essential causes of traffic phenomena and the internal mechanism of their mutual transformation, In order to solve all kinds of traffic problems, this paper establishes the cellular automata model of three-phase traffic flow, which is more consistent with the actual driving behavior. And it is applied to the single on-ramp system where both the main line inlet flow rate and ramp inlet flow rate are fixed. To find the best method of ramp flow control. The research contents of this paper include the following two parts: 1) based on the vehicle action distance, the modeling of cellular automata for three-phase traffic flow cellular automata (Cellular automata) model of three-phase traffic flow cell. After careful analysis, we find that, These models are different from the actual driving behavior when considering the stochastic deceleration process of the vehicle. This paper bases on the updating rules of the MVDE model. The distance between vehicles is redefined according to the speed of the vehicle, In order to determine the stochastic deceleration, the influence of the speed relationship between the two adjacent vehicles on the deceleration amplitude and the possibility of deceleration is introduced, and the updating rules in the MVDE model are modified. A new cellular automaton model, S-MVDEE, is established, and the density-flow relation and density-velocity relationship are obtained by simulation and simulation of the S-MVDE model on a road with uniform traffic bottleneck structure under periodic boundary conditions. Then the S-MVDE model is verified according to the characteristics of the traffic flow state when the traffic flow state is in the same Ki flow. Finally, on the road with isolated on-ramp forming traffic bottleneck structure under the condition of open boundary, the congestion mode at the traffic bottleneck is simulated. The traffic congestion patterns observed by Kerner et al. In the actual traffic flow are compared and verified. (2) the single ramp control based on statistics is studied. In this paper, four main types of single on-ramp are analyzed and studied. Control method (timing control, On the basis of demand-capacity difference control, acceptable gap control and ALINEA ramp control, a new single-on-ramp control method is proposed based on statistical theory. Taking the open boundary road structure with the inlet flow rate of 0.1 and the ramp inlet flow rate of 0.6 as an example, the control research is carried out by using the new single ramp control method, and the optimal control period is obtained on the basis of analysis and comparison. Finally, the simulation results before and after the control are compared and analyzed, which proves the feasibility and practicability of the new method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U491

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