發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-30 19:31

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 行人流 社會(huì)力模型 小團(tuán)體 障礙物 人群構(gòu)型 隊(duì)列　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：雖然科技發(fā)展給人類帶來了各種各樣的出行工具，但任何方式也取代不了步行的重要性。高密度行人流造成的擁堵不僅會(huì)增加人們的出行時(shí)間，而且緊急疏散條件下甚至?xí)胁忍な鹿实陌l(fā)生，危害人身財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。最近這些年來，行人交通流問題得到了越來越多人的關(guān)注，在交通壓力與日俱增的今天，從行人微觀特征和宏觀規(guī)律兩方面探究行人流理論成為了一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問題。微觀行人個(gè)體仿真模型是再現(xiàn)真實(shí)行人交通現(xiàn)象的重要手段，本文利用社會(huì)力模型研究行人自組織規(guī)律。 本文針對不同實(shí)際場景，對基本社會(huì)力模型展開不同改進(jìn)，分別研究了周邊環(huán)境影響的小團(tuán)體、目標(biāo)位置和障礙物共同作用的人群和擾動(dòng)影響的隊(duì)列空間構(gòu)型規(guī)律。小團(tuán)體仿真結(jié)果顯示，，在商店商品這類外界環(huán)境影響下，二人小團(tuán)體不再與街道走向垂直，三人小團(tuán)體有成員被忽視，四人小團(tuán)體分化成了兩個(gè)二人小團(tuán)體。人群聚集在建筑物出入口處的障礙物排斥力大小，不僅跟行人與障礙物的距離有關(guān)，還跟行人與目標(biāo)位置在特定方向上的距離有關(guān)，改進(jìn)模型模擬產(chǎn)生的人群扇形分布與基本社會(huì)力模型生成的半圓形存在重大區(qū)別。目標(biāo)位置發(fā)生移動(dòng)時(shí)，人群會(huì)呈現(xiàn)彗星形狀，但圖形大小以及穩(wěn)定性與目標(biāo)位置的移動(dòng)速度有關(guān)。隊(duì)列排頭個(gè)體的目標(biāo)位置擾動(dòng)會(huì)造成整個(gè)隊(duì)列的波動(dòng)，隊(duì)列波動(dòng)的收斂發(fā)散性取決于行人初始間距，當(dāng)初始間距超過臨界值，隊(duì)列波動(dòng)收斂。本文揭示的行人移動(dòng)規(guī)律有助于豐富行人交通流理論，對未來基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Although the development of science and technology has brought a variety of travel tools, but no way to replace the importance of walking. High density traffic caused by congestion will not only increase people's travel time. And emergency evacuation conditions will even have a stampede, endangering the safety of life and property. In recent years, pedestrian traffic flow problem has been paid more and more attention, in the traffic pressure is increasing today. It has become a hot issue to explore the pedestrian flow theory from two aspects of pedestrian micro characteristics and macro laws. Micro pedestrian individual simulation model is an important means to reproduce the real pedestrian traffic phenomenon. In this paper, social force model is used to study the law of pedestrian self-organization. In this paper, different improvements to the basic social force model are carried out for different practical scenarios, and small groups of surrounding environmental impacts are studied respectively. Small group simulation results show that under the influence of the outside environment such as store merchandise, the two-person small group is no longer vertical to the street. The small group of three is neglected and the small group of four is divided into two small groups of two. The repulsive force of the obstacles gathered at the entrance and exit of the building is not only related to the distance between the pedestrian and the obstacle. It is also related to the distance between the pedestrian and the target position in a specific direction. There is a significant difference between the population sector distribution generated by the improved model and the semicircle generated by the basic social force model. The crowd presents comet shape, but the pattern size and stability are related to the moving speed of the target position. The disturbance of the target position of the queue head will cause the whole queue to fluctuate. The convergence divergence of queue fluctuations depends on the initial pedestrian spacing. When the initial spacing exceeds the critical value, the queue fluctuation converges. The pedestrian movement law revealed in this paper is helpful to enrich the pedestrian traffic flow theory. It provides theoretical basis for the design and construction of future infrastructure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491

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