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  本文關鍵詞： 環(huán)形交叉口 信號控制交叉口 適用 綜合評估　出處：《長安大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：城市道路交叉口承擔著實現車輛轉向的功能,在城市道路系統(tǒng)中占有重要地位。車輛通過交叉口時,由于交通沖突增加,需要頻繁采取的加減速、換道等行為導致交叉口的通行能力、服務水平以及安全性都較路段低,是造成車輛延誤、交通擁堵甚至是引發(fā)交通事故的易發(fā)點。不同型式的交叉口通行能力、服務水平、造成的延誤以及安全性都是不相同的,環(huán)形交叉口和信號控制交叉口作為兩種最常見的城市平面交叉口,他們具有各自的優(yōu)缺點。當進入交叉口的流量較小時,環(huán)形交叉口可以實現車輛的連續(xù)通過,車均延誤較小,但由于幾何特性決定車輛在交叉口的行駛距離增加,交叉口占地面積較大。信號控制交叉口安全性較好,通行能力大,但帶來的車輛延誤也增加。由此可見,不同型式的交叉口具有不同的適用環(huán)境,在交叉口型式選擇時,需要對不同方案進行評價,選擇最優(yōu)的方案。因此本文針對環(huán)形交叉口和信號控制交叉口的適用性進行研究,為交叉口的型式選擇提供了理論依據。 本文選取主次相交和支支相交的城市道路交叉口類型作為研究對象,分析環(huán)形交叉口和信號交叉口的幾何特性與交通特性,掌握兩種型式交叉口的設計要素以及車輛在交叉口的運行行為特征；探討道路、交通條件以及交通管理對兩種型式交叉口的影響機理,選取交叉口流量、大車比例、左轉比例作為影響交叉口形式選擇的主要影響因素,確定交叉口微觀仿真的要素構成；從交叉口安全和效率出發(fā),選取交通沖突率和車均延誤作為交叉口適用性評價指標,構建評價體系；基于VISSIM交通仿真軟件,分別建立主次相交和支支相交的兩種型式交叉口的仿真模型,結合仿真要素組成交叉口仿真方案,進行多次仿真,并根據仿真結果分析得到兩種型式交叉口在不同交通環(huán)境下的適用性,為城市基礎設施建設部門及交通管理與控制部門提供一定的決策依據。
[Abstract]:Urban road intersections assume the function of vehicle steering and play an important role in the urban road system. When vehicles pass through intersections, they need frequent acceleration and deceleration due to the increase of traffic conflicts. The traffic capacity, service level and safety of intersections are lower than those of road sections, which can cause vehicle delay, traffic congestion and even lead to traffic accidents. Different types of intersections have different types of traffic capacity. The service level, delay and security are different. Circular intersection and signal-controlled intersection are the two most common urban intersections. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. When the flow into the intersection is small, the circular intersection can realize the continuous passage of vehicles, and the vehicle delay is small. However, due to the geometric characteristics of vehicles in the intersection travel distance increased, the intersection covers a large area, signal control intersection security is better, traffic capacity is large, but the vehicle delay is also increased. Different types of intersections have different applicable environments, and different schemes need to be evaluated in the choice of intersections. Therefore, the applicability of circular intersection and signal-controlled intersection is studied in this paper, which provides a theoretical basis for the type selection of intersections. In this paper, the main and secondary intersection and branch intersection of urban road intersection type as the research object, analysis of circular intersection and signal intersection geometric characteristics and traffic characteristics. Master the design elements of two types of intersections and the characteristics of vehicle running behavior at intersections; This paper discusses the influence mechanism of road, traffic conditions and traffic management on the two types of intersections, and selects intersection flow, the proportion of large vehicles and the ratio of left turn as the main factors that affect the choice of intersections. Determine the key elements of intersection micro-simulation; Based on the safety and efficiency of intersection, the traffic conflict rate and vehicle delay are selected as the evaluation index of intersection applicability, and the evaluation system is constructed. Based on the VISSIM traffic simulation software, the simulation models of two types of intersections with primary and secondary intersection and branch intersection are established, and the simulation scheme of intersection is made up of simulation elements. According to the analysis of simulation results, the applicability of two types of intersections in different traffic environments is obtained, which provides a certain decision basis for urban infrastructure construction departments and traffic management and control departments.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.23

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