本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市中心區(qū) 停車收費 博弈定價策略 雙層規(guī)劃 收費策略影響　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著近年來城市化速度加快,CBD擴大,居民出行的增加,CBD區(qū)域更加擁堵,單一的無差別停車收費策略在緩解交通壓力上的作用逐漸減少。單獨研究CBD的停車收費定價問題,已經(jīng)非常有必要。CBD停車設(shè)施種類繁多,各種停車設(shè)施采取何種差別收費才能更好的緩解交通壓力需要及時解決。許多城市采用小時計費的方式來收取費用,這無形中降低了民眾滿意度,同時也不能很好的實施停車收費政策。與此同時,隨著停車行業(yè)的市場化,在競爭條件下的私人停車場與公共停車場的價格博弈也在實際中顯現(xiàn)。 面對上述情況,本文首先研究城市中心區(qū)機動車停車的影響因素及時空特性,分析國內(nèi)外停車收費定價策略的現(xiàn)狀。通過分析國外部分國家的停車收費定價發(fā)展情況以及我國內(nèi)地停車收費定價策略的現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些國家對我國停車收費定價發(fā)展的啟示。 其次,根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)和運籌學(xué)原理,以用戶角度為目標(biāo)建立城市停車收費定價模型。其中,考慮不同出行者選擇交通方式不同,并依據(jù)出行者不同時間價值,在不同停車收費地點及不同時段進(jìn)行差別化收費,并通過算例分析說明所得策略的應(yīng)用；根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論,以博弈論為基礎(chǔ)建立市場條件下的公營與私營的博弈停車收費策略模型,依據(jù)逆向歸納法求解定價模型,并通過算例分析說明所得定價的合理性。 再次,為了解決單一停車收費定價過程中存在的不足,提出差別化的停車雙層規(guī)劃定價模型。分析不同出行者的不同成本,建立上層為出行社會總效益最大化,下層為考慮停車收費運營者利潤的彈性需求下的雙層聯(lián)合定價優(yōu)化模型。通過算例,對聯(lián)合收費決策模型進(jìn)行研究,計算結(jié)果能夠有效緩解路網(wǎng)擁堵,表明該模型與遺傳—模擬退火算法是有效的。 最后,根據(jù)國內(nèi)外停車收費策略的影響分析的基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)市場化條件下的停車收費定價實際情況,提出了以群決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)層次分析為基礎(chǔ)的停車收費場所的選擇決策模型；以國外的停車收費策略影響分析經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)計了停車收費策略的影響分析過程,建立了影響分析的指標(biāo)體系,將可拓層次綜合理論應(yīng)用于CBD停車收費策略影響分析中,通過計算各影響指標(biāo)關(guān)于影響分析評價等級的關(guān)聯(lián)度來分析評估策略。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in recent years, the expansion of CBD, the increase of residents travel in CBD area is more congested. The role of a single non-differential parking pricing strategy in alleviating traffic pressure is gradually reduced. It is very necessary to study the parking pricing problem of CBD alone. There are many kinds of parking facilities in CBD. What kinds of parking facilities to take to better alleviate traffic pressure needs to be solved in time. Many cities use hourly billing to collect fees, which effectively reduces public satisfaction. At the same time, the parking fee policy can not be implemented very well. At the same time, with the marketization of parking industry, the price game between private parking and public parking under competitive conditions also appears in practice. In the face of the above situation, this paper firstly studies the influencing factors and space-time characteristics of motor vehicle parking in the urban center area. This paper analyzes the current situation of parking pricing strategy at home and abroad, through the analysis of parking pricing development in some foreign countries and the status quo of parking pricing strategy in mainland China. Discover these countries to our country parking charge pricing development enlightenment. Secondly, according to the principle of mathematics and operation research, the pricing model of urban parking fee is established based on the user's point of view, in which different travelers are considered to choose different modes of transportation, and according to the different time value of the traveler. The differential charging is carried out at different parking places and different periods, and the application of the strategy is illustrated by an example. According to the theory of economics, based on the game theory, the model of parking pricing strategy of public and private enterprises is established, and the pricing model is solved by reverse induction. An example is given to illustrate the rationality of the pricing. Thirdly, in order to solve the shortcomings in the process of single parking pricing, a differential parking bilevel programming pricing model is proposed, and the different costs of different travelers are analyzed. The upper layer is the maximum of the total social benefit of travel, the lower level is the double level joint pricing optimization model under the elastic demand considering the profit of the parking fee operator. Through the example, the decision model of joint charge is studied. The results show that the proposed model and the genetic simulated annealing algorithm are effective. Finally, based on the analysis of the impact of parking pricing strategy at home and abroad, according to the actual situation of parking pricing under the market conditions. A decision model of parking place selection based on hierarchical analysis of group decision network is put forward. Based on the experience of foreign parking toll strategy impact analysis, the impact analysis process of parking toll strategy is designed, and the index system of impact analysis is established. The extension hierarchy theory is applied to the impact analysis of CBD parking pricing strategy, and the evaluation strategy is analyzed by calculating the correlation degree of each impact index on the impact analysis and evaluation grade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F572;U491.7

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