本文關鍵詞： 車輛交通 擁堵 流體力學模型 瓶頸 延誤　出處：《廣西大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在社會經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展的帶動下,人們的生活水平有很大提高,出行方式也變得多樣化,以步行的方式到達短距離的目的地；利用火車、汽車、飛機等交通工具到達更遠的目的地,活動空間和出行范圍得到很大的擴展。然而,在全世界各個大城市中,交通擁堵、交通事故、由機動車引起的能源消耗和尾氣排放,引起越來越多的人關注。車輛交通流相關的問題和困難已經(jīng)激發(fā)廣大科研工作者的廣泛興趣。大量的實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明,80%以上的延誤集中在城市交叉路口和道路瓶頸,平面交叉路口的通行能力往往不足70%,城市大面積交通擁堵往往是由于交叉路口的通行能力不足和區(qū)域交通混亂造成的。解決城市交通擁堵的關鍵是解決城市交叉路口的通行能力問題。本文的工作如下： (1)采用Jiang-Wu模型模擬典型道路交叉口交通擁堵,分析形成交叉口和主干道上游大面積擁堵的原因。對廣西大學火炬路交叉口的模擬和實測分析表明：轉(zhuǎn)彎車流過大,車輛在車流交匯處停留時間過長,是造成擁堵的主要原因。建議：在高峰期限制轉(zhuǎn)彎車流和合理設置隔離帶,避免各個方向的交通流交纏在一起。 (2)提出有道路縮減瓶頸的雙車道速度梯度模型,分析在慢車道有道路縮減瓶頸的車流的運動規(guī)律和演化過程。分析得到,當慢車道自由速度較小或快車道的密度分布較低,快車道的車流更容易在瓶頸處產(chǎn)生大擾動,形成集簇,車輛頻繁加速減速。同時,集簇隨時間向上游傳播。由于快車道和慢車道是關聯(lián)的,慢車道也出現(xiàn)車輛密度起伏。在快慢車道上,局部密度交換變化。 (3)通過研究和分析Australian延誤模型和Canadian延誤模型,在現(xiàn)有的這兩個模型的基礎上,改進延誤模型。改進的延誤模型在飽和度較低和在飽和度較高的情況,與Australian延誤模型和Canadian模型很接近；在飽和度接近1時,改進的延誤模型較好地與路口實測結(jié)果吻合。結(jié)合我國的交通狀況與國外的交通狀況的差別,分析原因。 最后,總結(jié)了本文的工作,并對文章的內(nèi)容提出不足之處與改進方法,對今后的研究工作進行展望。
[Abstract]:Driven by the rapid development of social economy, people's living standards have been greatly improved, and their travel modes have become diversified, and they have reached short distances by walking. The use of trains, cars, planes and other means of transport to reach further destinations, activity space and travel range has been greatly expanded. However, in the world's major cities, traffic congestion, traffic accidents. The energy consumption and exhaust emissions caused by motor vehicles have attracted more and more attention. The problems and difficulties related to vehicle traffic flow have aroused the extensive interest of the majority of researchers. A large number of experimental data show that. More than 80% delays focus on urban intersections and road bottlenecks, and the capacity of horizontal intersections is often less than 70%. A large area of urban traffic congestion is often caused by insufficient traffic capacity at intersections and regional traffic chaos. The key to solve urban traffic congestion is to solve the problem of traffic capacity at urban intersections. The work of this paper is as follows. Below:. 1) Jiang-Wu model is used to simulate the traffic congestion at typical road intersections. The simulation and actual measurement analysis on the intersection of Guangxi University Torch Road show that the traffic flow in turn is too large and the vehicle stays at the intersection of the traffic flow is too long. It is suggested that the traffic flow should be restricted during the rush hour and the separation belt should be set up so as to avoid the intertwining of traffic flow in all directions. 2) A two-lane velocity gradient model with road reduction bottleneck is proposed to analyze the motion law and evolution process of vehicle flow with road reduction bottleneck in slow lane. When the free speed of the slow lane is low or the density distribution of the fast lane is low, the traffic flow of the fast lane is easier to produce a large disturbance at the bottleneck, forming clusters, and the vehicle accelerates and slows down frequently. At the same time. The cluster propagates upstream with time. Because of the correlation between the fast lane and the slow lane, the density of the slow lane also fluctuates. On the fast track, the local density exchange changes. Through the research and analysis of Australian delay model and Canadian delay model, based on the existing two models. Improved delay model. The improved delay model is very close to Australian delay model and Canadian model in the case of low saturation and high saturation. At saturation close to 1:00, the improved delay model is in good agreement with the measured results at the intersection, and the reasons are analyzed according to the difference between the traffic situation of our country and that of foreign countries. Finally, this paper summarizes the work of this paper, and puts forward the deficiencies and improvement methods of the content of the article, and prospects the future research work.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.265

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本文編號：1457281