本文關(guān)鍵詞： 隧道爆破 楔形掏槽 爆破數(shù)值模擬 LS-DYNA3D　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著隧道斷面不斷加大,楔形掏槽技術(shù)越來(lái)越被廣泛的應(yīng)用于隧道掘進(jìn)中。采用楔形掏槽爆破技術(shù)爆破掘進(jìn)的隧道長(zhǎng)度越來(lái)越長(zhǎng),其所占隧道總長(zhǎng)度的比重愈來(lái)愈大。而與此極不相符的是楔形掏槽爆破機(jī)理研究緩慢,楔形掏槽參數(shù)難以確定。現(xiàn)有的掏槽參數(shù)是根據(jù)已有的施工案例總結(jié)而來(lái),然后通過小段試爆不斷調(diào)整、優(yōu)化以獲得理想的掏槽效果。由于掏槽參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性使得參數(shù)調(diào)整工作不但繁瑣而且困難。同時(shí)調(diào)整后的參數(shù)能否達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最佳、施工速度最快、炸藥單耗最省等,無(wú)從得知。所以如何確定合理的掏槽參數(shù)這一問題迫切需要我們給與解答。 本文論證、分析、比較三種經(jīng)典的爆炸作用理論的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),選擇爆生氣和沖擊波綜合作用理論作為本研究的理論基礎(chǔ),在此基礎(chǔ)上分析研究了柱狀裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)巖石的破壞作用,并探討了柱狀裝藥條件下的楔形掏槽爆破機(jī)理。結(jié)合楔形掏槽爆破機(jī)理,吸收并借鑒一些文獻(xiàn)的分析方法推導(dǎo)出楔形掏槽參數(shù)的計(jì)算公式。由于現(xiàn)有實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備、測(cè)量技術(shù)條件的限制,無(wú)法觀測(cè)到爆炸的細(xì)微過程,所以本文采用有限元?jiǎng)恿W(xué)模擬軟件LS-DYNA3D軟件對(duì)楔形掏槽進(jìn)行模擬。經(jīng)過模擬得出：在與楔形掏槽機(jī)理假設(shè)一致的情況下,可以取得楔形掏槽機(jī)理預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)果,并且根據(jù)楔形掏槽參數(shù)計(jì)算公式設(shè)計(jì)的掏槽爆破可以取得良好的掏槽效果。最后結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),通過對(duì)比分析發(fā)現(xiàn)楔形掏槽在炮孔利用率、鉆眼施工強(qiáng)度、炸藥消耗量等都要優(yōu)于直眼掏槽。 本文在爆生氣體和沖擊波的綜合作用理論基礎(chǔ)上定量的分析了楔形掏槽爆破機(jī)理,打破了只對(duì)楔形掏槽爆破機(jī)理進(jìn)行定性分析的傳統(tǒng)。同時(shí)本文在借鑒和吸收現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的先進(jìn)理論和研究方法的基礎(chǔ)上首次系統(tǒng)完整的推導(dǎo)出楔形掏槽參數(shù)計(jì)算公式。公式的正確性和合理性已通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,可以為爆破設(shè)計(jì)工作提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of tunnel section, wedge cutting technology is more and more widely used in tunnel tunneling. The tunnel length of blasting with wedge cut blasting technology is getting longer and longer. It accounts for more and more of the total tunnel length. However, the research on the mechanism of wedge cutting blasting is slow. Wedge cutting parameters are difficult to determine. The existing cutting parameters are summed up according to existing construction cases, and then continuously adjusted through small test blasting. Because of the correlation between cutting parameters, the adjustment of parameters is not only cumbersome but also difficult. At the same time, whether the adjusted parameters can achieve the best economic benefits and the fastest construction speed. It is difficult to know how to determine the reasonable cutting parameters, so we urgently need to answer the question of how to determine the reasonable cutting parameters. This paper demonstrates, analyzes and compares the merits and demerits of three classical theories of explosion action, and chooses the theory of comprehensive action of explosion gas and shock wave as the theoretical basis of this study. On this basis, the failure effect of columnar charge structure on rock is analyzed, and the mechanism of wedge cutting blasting under cylindrical charge is discussed. The formulas for calculating the wedge cutting parameters are derived by absorbing and using the analytical methods of some literatures. Due to the limitation of the existing experimental equipment and the technical conditions of measurement, the fine process of explosion can not be observed. In this paper, the finite element dynamics simulation software LS-DYNA3D is used to simulate the wedge cutting. After simulation, it is concluded that: in accordance with the hypothesis of wedge cutting mechanism. The predicted results of wedge cutting mechanism can be obtained, and the cutting blasting designed according to the calculation formula of wedge cutting parameters can obtain good cutting effect. Finally, combined with field experiments. Through comparison and analysis, it is found that wedge cutting is superior to straight hole cutting in utilization ratio, drilling intensity and explosive consumption. In this paper, the mechanism of wedge cut blasting is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the comprehensive action theory of explosion gas and shock wave. This paper breaks down the tradition of qualitative analysis of the mechanism of wedge cutting blasting. At the same time, based on the reference and absorption of the advanced theories and research methods of modern science, this paper deduces systematically and completely the calculation of wedge cutting parameters for the first time. The correctness and rationality of the formula have been verified by field experiments. It can provide reference for blasting design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U455.4

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