本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)的信號交叉口延誤估計研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 欠采樣 定位技術(shù) 信號交叉口 加減速模型 控制延誤

【摘要】：目前，，城市交通擁堵日益嚴(yán)重且多發(fā)生在信號交叉口，信號交叉口運行狀態(tài)的良好與否直接關(guān)系到整個路網(wǎng)的運行效率與服務(wù)質(zhì)量。信號控制交叉口服務(wù)質(zhì)量與運行狀態(tài)的評價主要取決于車輛通過信號交叉口時產(chǎn)生的延誤。目前最為常用的延誤計算方法仍然局限于傳統(tǒng)的延誤公式計算或者現(xiàn)場調(diào)查實測，不論何種方法都需要投入大量的人力和物力去對基礎(chǔ)交通參數(shù)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。隨著GPS定位技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，其為估算信號交叉口延誤提供了一種新的高效方法，然而由于計算需要，現(xiàn)有方法需要1s采樣間隔的GPS數(shù)據(jù)才能估計出信號交叉口延誤，這樣無疑增加了數(shù)據(jù)的采集、傳輸及存儲成本，并且受采樣頻率限制，仍需自行采集。 現(xiàn)如今我國絕大多數(shù)大中城市中，公交車、出租車均配備有GPS定位設(shè)備，由于數(shù)據(jù)只用于實現(xiàn)運營車輛的監(jiān)控與調(diào)度，采樣間隔多設(shè)定為30s，并且大量數(shù)據(jù)后期處于閑置狀態(tài)。另外由于公交、出租車規(guī)模較大，幾乎遍布整個路網(wǎng)，數(shù)據(jù)回傳實時性強(qiáng)，因此有必要對此提出一種基于30s采樣間隔，即欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)的信號交叉口延誤估計方法。 本文的重點是針對目前我國城市中現(xiàn)有的公交車、出租車等GPS數(shù)據(jù)欠采樣特點，研究基于欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)估算信號交叉口延誤的方法。 首先對現(xiàn)有GPS數(shù)據(jù)計算信號交叉口控制延誤進(jìn)行了介紹，并對GPS數(shù)據(jù)的采樣間隔進(jìn)行分析，對GPS欠采樣進(jìn)行了界定，將采樣間隔大于10s的GPS數(shù)據(jù)定義為欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)。同時對欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)反映出的車輛延誤過程進(jìn)行了分析，明確了利用欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)估算交叉口控制延誤的關(guān)鍵在于對車輛延誤過程進(jìn)行軌跡還原，獲得延誤過程的關(guān)鍵時間節(jié)點，即初始減速時刻與加速截止時刻。 本文采用對車輛在信號交叉口延誤中加減速過程建模的方法還原車輛行駛軌跡，獲取延誤過程關(guān)鍵時間點。然后結(jié)合欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)特點，分有停車和無停車兩種情況對車輛通過信號交叉口的加減速過程建立分段勻減速模型與分段勻加速模型，并通過對車輛在信號交叉口的加減速過程進(jìn)行定性與定量的描述，驗證了模型的可靠性。 通過將帶有約束條件的非線性非正定方程組問題轉(zhuǎn)化為帶有約束條件的非線性規(guī)劃求最優(yōu)解問題，對有停車過程的分段勻減速和勻加速模型給出了模型求解算法。 對1s采樣間隔的車輛通過信號交叉口的GPS數(shù)據(jù)以30s采樣間隔進(jìn)行重新采樣，利用所建模型計算了車輛在信號交叉口的控制延誤，計算精度大于85%，最后利用北京公交GPS數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實例分析，對鬧市口東西直行方向的平均控制延誤進(jìn)行計算，并與Webster和HCM2010延誤計算模型的計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析，相對誤差在20%以內(nèi)，證明了本文研究方法的實用性。
[Abstract]:With the application of GPS positioning technology , it is necessary to input a large amount of manpower and material resources to survey the basic traffic parameters . With the application of GPS positioning technology , it provides a new efficient method for estimating the signalized intersection delay . With the application of GPS positioning technology , it is necessary to input the GPS data of 1s sampling interval to estimate the delay of signalized intersection , which undoubtedly increases the acquisition , transmission and storage cost of the data , and is limited by sampling frequency , and still needs to be collected automatically . In most Chinese cities , buses and taxis are equipped with GPS positioning equipment . Because the data is only used to realize the monitoring and dispatching of operating vehicles , the sampling interval is set to 30s , and a large amount of data is idle . In addition , it is necessary to propose a signal intersection delay estimation method based on 30s sampling interval , that is , under - sampled GPS data . This paper focuses on the method of estimating signalized intersection delay based on undersampled GPS data based on the characteristics of GPS data undersampling , such as buses , taxis and other GPS data currently in our country . Firstly , the delay of the control delay of GPS data is introduced and the sampling interval of GPS data is analyzed . The GPS data is defined as undersampled GPS data . At the same time , the delay process of vehicle caused by undersampling GPS data is analyzed . It is clear that the key point in estimating the delay of intersection control by undersampling GPS data is to get the key time node of the delay process , namely , the initial deceleration time and the accelerating cut - off time . In this paper , the vehicle running track is reduced by the method of modeling the delay of the signal intersection delay , and the key time point of the delay process is obtained . Then , by combining the characteristics of the undersampled GPS data , the vehicle passing through the deceleration process of the signal intersection is divided into a section uniform deceleration model and a segmented homogeneous acceleration model , and the reliability of the model is verified by the qualitative and quantitative description of the acceleration and deceleration process of the vehicle in the signal intersection . In this paper , the problem of nonlinear programming with constraint condition is transformed into nonlinear programming with constraint condition to solve the optimal solution problem , and the model solving algorithm is given to the section uniform deceleration and homogeneous acceleration model with the parking process . The GPS data of 1s sampling interval is re - sampled at 30 s sampling interval through GPS data at signalized intersection . The model is used to calculate the delay of the vehicle ' s control delay at signalized intersection , the calculation precision is more than 85 % , and finally , the average control delay in the direction of the downtown area is calculated and compared with the calculation result of Webster and HCM2010 delay calculation model . The relative error is within 20 % , which proves the practicability of the research method in this paper .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.23

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