本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)的信號(hào)交叉口延誤估計(jì)研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 欠采樣 定位技術(shù) 信號(hào)交叉口 加減速模型 控制延誤

【摘要】：目前，，城市交通擁堵日益嚴(yán)重且多發(fā)生在信號(hào)交叉口，信號(hào)交叉口運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的良好與否直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)路網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行效率與服務(wù)質(zhì)量。信號(hào)控制交叉口服務(wù)質(zhì)量與運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的評(píng)價(jià)主要取決于車輛通過(guò)信號(hào)交叉口時(shí)產(chǎn)生的延誤。目前最為常用的延誤計(jì)算方法仍然局限于傳統(tǒng)的延誤公式計(jì)算或者現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查實(shí)測(cè)，不論何種方法都需要投入大量的人力和物力去對(duì)基礎(chǔ)交通參數(shù)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。隨著GPS定位技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，其為估算信號(hào)交叉口延誤提供了一種新的高效方法，然而由于計(jì)算需要，現(xiàn)有方法需要1s采樣間隔的GPS數(shù)據(jù)才能估計(jì)出信號(hào)交叉口延誤，這樣無(wú)疑增加了數(shù)據(jù)的采集、傳輸及存儲(chǔ)成本，并且受采樣頻率限制，仍需自行采集。 現(xiàn)如今我國(guó)絕大多數(shù)大中城市中，公交車、出租車均配備有GPS定位設(shè)備，由于數(shù)據(jù)只用于實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)營(yíng)車輛的監(jiān)控與調(diào)度，采樣間隔多設(shè)定為30s，并且大量數(shù)據(jù)后期處于閑置狀態(tài)。另外由于公交、出租車規(guī)模較大，幾乎遍布整個(gè)路網(wǎng)，數(shù)據(jù)回傳實(shí)時(shí)性強(qiáng)，因此有必要對(duì)此提出一種基于30s采樣間隔，即欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)的信號(hào)交叉口延誤估計(jì)方法。 本文的重點(diǎn)是針對(duì)目前我國(guó)城市中現(xiàn)有的公交車、出租車等GPS數(shù)據(jù)欠采樣特點(diǎn)，研究基于欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)估算信號(hào)交叉口延誤的方法。 首先對(duì)現(xiàn)有GPS數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算信號(hào)交叉口控制延誤進(jìn)行了介紹，并對(duì)GPS數(shù)據(jù)的采樣間隔進(jìn)行分析，對(duì)GPS欠采樣進(jìn)行了界定，將采樣間隔大于10s的GPS數(shù)據(jù)定義為欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)。同時(shí)對(duì)欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)反映出的車輛延誤過(guò)程進(jìn)行了分析，明確了利用欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)估算交叉口控制延誤的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)車輛延誤過(guò)程進(jìn)行軌跡還原，獲得延誤過(guò)程的關(guān)鍵時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)，即初始減速時(shí)刻與加速截止時(shí)刻。 本文采用對(duì)車輛在信號(hào)交叉口延誤中加減速過(guò)程建模的方法還原車輛行駛軌跡，獲取延誤過(guò)程關(guān)鍵時(shí)間點(diǎn)。然后結(jié)合欠采樣GPS數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn)，分有停車和無(wú)停車兩種情況對(duì)車輛通過(guò)信號(hào)交叉口的加減速過(guò)程建立分段勻減速模型與分段勻加速模型，并通過(guò)對(duì)車輛在信號(hào)交叉口的加減速過(guò)程進(jìn)行定性與定量的描述，驗(yàn)證了模型的可靠性。 通過(guò)將帶有約束條件的非線性非正定方程組問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為帶有約束條件的非線性規(guī)劃求最優(yōu)解問(wèn)題，對(duì)有停車過(guò)程的分段勻減速和勻加速模型給出了模型求解算法。 對(duì)1s采樣間隔的車輛通過(guò)信號(hào)交叉口的GPS數(shù)據(jù)以30s采樣間隔進(jìn)行重新采樣，利用所建模型計(jì)算了車輛在信號(hào)交叉口的控制延誤，計(jì)算精度大于85%，最后利用北京公交GPS數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析，對(duì)鬧市口東西直行方向的平均控制延誤進(jìn)行計(jì)算，并與Webster和HCM2010延誤計(jì)算模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，相對(duì)誤差在20%以內(nèi)，證明了本文研究方法的實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:With the application of GPS positioning technology , it is necessary to input a large amount of manpower and material resources to survey the basic traffic parameters . With the application of GPS positioning technology , it provides a new efficient method for estimating the signalized intersection delay . With the application of GPS positioning technology , it is necessary to input the GPS data of 1s sampling interval to estimate the delay of signalized intersection , which undoubtedly increases the acquisition , transmission and storage cost of the data , and is limited by sampling frequency , and still needs to be collected automatically . In most Chinese cities , buses and taxis are equipped with GPS positioning equipment . Because the data is only used to realize the monitoring and dispatching of operating vehicles , the sampling interval is set to 30s , and a large amount of data is idle . In addition , it is necessary to propose a signal intersection delay estimation method based on 30s sampling interval , that is , under - sampled GPS data . This paper focuses on the method of estimating signalized intersection delay based on undersampled GPS data based on the characteristics of GPS data undersampling , such as buses , taxis and other GPS data currently in our country . Firstly , the delay of the control delay of GPS data is introduced and the sampling interval of GPS data is analyzed . The GPS data is defined as undersampled GPS data . At the same time , the delay process of vehicle caused by undersampling GPS data is analyzed . It is clear that the key point in estimating the delay of intersection control by undersampling GPS data is to get the key time node of the delay process , namely , the initial deceleration time and the accelerating cut - off time . In this paper , the vehicle running track is reduced by the method of modeling the delay of the signal intersection delay , and the key time point of the delay process is obtained . Then , by combining the characteristics of the undersampled GPS data , the vehicle passing through the deceleration process of the signal intersection is divided into a section uniform deceleration model and a segmented homogeneous acceleration model , and the reliability of the model is verified by the qualitative and quantitative description of the acceleration and deceleration process of the vehicle in the signal intersection . In this paper , the problem of nonlinear programming with constraint condition is transformed into nonlinear programming with constraint condition to solve the optimal solution problem , and the model solving algorithm is given to the section uniform deceleration and homogeneous acceleration model with the parking process . The GPS data of 1s sampling interval is re - sampled at 30 s sampling interval through GPS data at signalized intersection . The model is used to calculate the delay of the vehicle ' s control delay at signalized intersection , the calculation precision is more than 85 % , and finally , the average control delay in the direction of the downtown area is calculated and compared with the calculation result of Webster and HCM2010 delay calculation model . The relative error is within 20 % , which proves the practicability of the research method in this paper .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.23

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