本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市核心家庭日常活動(dòng)時(shí)空間特征及決策機(jī)理　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 家庭 制約 活動(dòng)-出行決策 時(shí)空間共存

【摘要】：基于活動(dòng)的出行行為分析方法是針對(duì)基于出行的四階段法在傳統(tǒng)交通出行需求預(yù)測(cè)中顯現(xiàn)出的不足所提出來(lái)的,該理論認(rèn)為出行是活動(dòng)的派生需求,規(guī)劃者應(yīng)該結(jié)合活動(dòng)背景來(lái)考慮個(gè)人的出行決策。然而隨著研究的深入,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者雖然在理論方面取得一定的進(jìn)展,但研究范疇依然主要局限在基于個(gè)人的行為決策分析上,僅有少量研究將家庭要素視為居民活動(dòng)出行決策的外部屬性,對(duì)于家庭內(nèi)部各角色活動(dòng)出行決策機(jī)制的相互作用和相互影響機(jī)理則缺乏深入分析。而根據(jù)行為理論,家庭是居民活動(dòng)出行的決策者,從基于家庭的范疇來(lái)分析活動(dòng)較基于個(gè)人的視角要復(fù)雜得多,至少體現(xiàn)在：一、多人,即家庭是由一個(gè)以上的成員組成而非簡(jiǎn)單的集合；二、多活動(dòng),即活動(dòng)是連續(xù)的,一日中活動(dòng)與活動(dòng)之間也是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的,城市居民的活動(dòng)出行決策是按照時(shí)間順序?qū)⒁蝗罩卸鄠�(gè)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行綜合考慮,而不是僅局限在某一兩類活動(dòng)之間。此外,基于時(shí)間地理學(xué)的思想,認(rèn)為人類空間行為與客觀制約之間存在因果關(guān)系,并且特別重視個(gè)體選擇行為背后所受到的制約條件及其來(lái)源與機(jī)制。家庭作為個(gè)人最小化的社會(huì)存在方式,與其他家庭成員共享家庭資源、分擔(dān)家庭事務(wù),可以說(shuō)個(gè)人選擇行為是在家庭以及家庭成員相互作用和相互制約下做出的決策。因此,本論文基于前人的研究,結(jié)合國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目《城市自行車交通換乘選擇機(jī)理及節(jié)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化方法研究》(編號(hào)：51068013),選取家庭為研究對(duì)象,基于時(shí)間地理學(xué)的思想,力圖從制約觀的視角,著重從“多人多活動(dòng)”兩個(gè)方面嘗試家庭活動(dòng)—出行的研究方法,主要完成的研究工作如下：第一、提出活動(dòng)制約度：將所研究的活動(dòng)類型進(jìn)行均一化、定量化整理,并在借鑒生態(tài)位理論的基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試性地提出家庭活動(dòng)制約位的概念及測(cè)度方法,以此構(gòu)建基于家庭的活動(dòng)制約位寬度矩陣,將家庭成員間的相互影響關(guān)系通過(guò)制約矩陣來(lái)表達(dá),并提出基于家庭的城市居民活動(dòng)出行決策框架。第二、構(gòu)建基于家庭的二維出行鏈分析工具：以家庭活動(dòng)空間為中心,以各成員活動(dòng)時(shí)空路徑為主體,使家庭成員活動(dòng)間的相互影響效應(yīng)得以顯化。并從時(shí)間制約、空間制約和人員組合制約三個(gè)層面,歸納家庭二維出行來(lái)的三種時(shí)空間共存情況,并據(jù)此得到不同制約情景下的四種家庭類型,即夫妻家事分擔(dān)型、女方家事承擔(dān)型、男方家事承擔(dān)型以及個(gè)人活動(dòng)制約型。同時(shí),應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu)方程理論,驗(yàn)證了典型家務(wù)型家庭男女家長(zhǎng)時(shí)空間共存特征隨制約環(huán)境改變而產(chǎn)生的演化規(guī)律。第三、構(gòu)建用于解釋家庭成員活動(dòng)出行決策過(guò)程的兩個(gè)模型：基于家庭的工作日出行鏈決策模型和核心家庭活動(dòng)—出行交互機(jī)理模型。深入分析了在家庭制約環(huán)境下個(gè)體的出行決策過(guò)程及家庭成員間的相互影響機(jī)理,較為系統(tǒng)和全面地研究了家庭背景下城市居民活動(dòng)出行決策機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:Travel behavior analysis method based on activity is shown for the four stage method of travel based on travel demand forecasting in the traditional traffic mentioned above, the theory that is derived from travel activities, planners should consider individual activities combined with the background of travel decision-making. However, with the deepening of the study, although the domestic and foreign scholars some progress in theory, but the research category is still mainly in the analysis based on individual behavior, only a small amount of family elements regarded as external property residents travel decision-making, is the lack of in-depth analysis of the interaction in the family role travel decision-making mechanism and interaction mechanism according to the behavior. The family is the residents travel activity theory, decision makers from the family based on the scope of analysis is based on the personal point of view is much more complicated, at least Embodied in: first, many people, the family is set by members of more than one component rather than simple; two, many activities, which is continuous, between activities in a day is interconnected, activity travel decision of city residents is according to the time sequence of multiple activities in a day comprehensive consideration, not only between the one or two types of activities in a certain time geography. In addition, based on the idea that there is a causal relationship between human spatial behavior and objective constraints, and pay special attention to the constraints of individual choice behavior behind by its sources and mechanism. The family as a personal minimization of social existence, family resources sharing with other family members, sharing family affairs, can be said that individual choice behavior is made in the family and family interaction and mutual restriction of decision-making. Therefore, this paper is based on the previous theory The research, funded by the National Natural Science Funds Transfer "city bicycle traffic and node selection mechanism optimization method research" (No. 51068013), select the family as the research object, based on the theory of time geography, tries to restrict the view, mainly from the two aspects of "activity" many people try to study the method of family activities travel, the main research work is as follows: first, the activities of the degree of restriction: the types of activities were normalized, quantitative and finishing, based on niche theory, try to put forward the concept of family activities and a control measure, in order to build a family activity based on the control of bit width the matrix will influence each other, relationship between family members expressed by restriction matrix, and put forward the city residents travel decision-making framework based on family. Second, based on the construction of the family Two dimensional trip chain analysis tools: the family space as the center, to the members of the space-time path as the main body, the effect of interaction between family members between the manifest. And from the time constraints, space constraints and personnel control in three aspects, summed up three kinds of family of 2D space to coexist. According to four types of families of different control scenarios, couples sharing the housework, the woman's family bear type, family type and the man bear personal activity restriction. At the same time, the application of structural equation theory, verify the evolution of typical family house men and women parents due to restricted space coexistence of environmental changes. Third, set up to explain the two model family members travel decision-making process: family work of the trip chain model and the core family activity travel model based on interaction mechanism This paper analyzes the travel decision-making process and the interaction mechanism between family members under family constraint environment, and systematically and comprehensively studies the mechanism of urban residents' activity trip decision under family background.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.1

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