本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于LCA溫拌瀝青路面建設(shè)期節(jié)能減排效果及經(jīng)濟(jì)性評價　出處：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 生命周期評價 溫拌瀝青路面 能耗與排放 環(huán)境影響評價

【摘要】：高等級公路瀝青路面建設(shè)需要消耗大量的道路用材和化石燃料,排放大量的有毒有害氣體導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題日益凸顯而受到社會廣泛關(guān)注。然而,目前我國針對瀝青路面建設(shè)期的能耗與排放多采用定性評價,缺乏科學(xué)、系統(tǒng)的量化評價體系,無法明確廢氣排放的環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,阻礙了溫拌節(jié)能技術(shù)的推廣及應(yīng)用。生命周期評價(LCA)作為一套評估產(chǎn)品整個生命周期內(nèi)對環(huán)境影響的評價方法,綜合考慮了產(chǎn)品“從搖籃到墳?zāi)埂辈煌A段的能耗與排放,為促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)與管理部門重視瀝青路面的節(jié)能減排問題,實現(xiàn)低碳環(huán)保的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了理論支撐。在“節(jié)約能源,保護(hù)環(huán)境,實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展”的強(qiáng)烈時代呼聲下,針對溫拌瀝青路面建設(shè)期的節(jié)能減排效果及經(jīng)濟(jì)性評價顯得十分必要。論文首先回顧了瀝青路面能耗與廢氣排放的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,采用文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研和實地考察等方法分析了瀝青路面建設(shè)期能源產(chǎn)品、筑路材料和施工機(jī)械的清單數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果。運用國際環(huán)境毒理學(xué)與化學(xué)學(xué)會生命周期分析框架將瀝青路面建設(shè)期劃分為原材料生產(chǎn)、原材料運輸、混合料生產(chǎn)、混合料施工4個階段,確定了各階段的計算范圍與邊界條件,并建立模型對比分析了溫拌瀝青與熱拌瀝青的能耗與排放。采用熱動力學(xué)的基本理論方法計算分析在不同拌和溫度、含水率、油石比情況下對溫拌瀝青混合料生產(chǎn)階段能耗與排放的影響,核算拌和站“油改氣”升級改造后的能耗與排放量,充分挖掘混合料生產(chǎn)階段的減排潛力。其次,借助丹麥工業(yè)產(chǎn)品環(huán)境設(shè)計提出的生命周期環(huán)境影響評價方法(LCIA),將六種主要廢氣分為全球變暖、光化學(xué)煙霧、富營養(yǎng)化、酸化4類環(huán)境影響,由各自的特征化因子出發(fā)建立模型核算了相應(yīng)的環(huán)境影響情況。運用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和加權(quán)兩個可選LCIA步驟統(tǒng)一了GWP、EP、POCP、AP的量綱,對比分析了溫拌和熱拌瀝青路面建設(shè)期加權(quán)后環(huán)境影響潛力人當(dāng)量值,給出了環(huán)境影響嚴(yán)重程度次序。最后,采用綜合單價法核算了瀝青路面建設(shè)成本。結(jié)合資源與環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論確定環(huán)境成本社會支付意愿和環(huán)境成本計算模型,彌補(bǔ)了長期以來LCA方法的不足。運用投入產(chǎn)出比、單位產(chǎn)值能耗、單位產(chǎn)值CO2排放技術(shù)指標(biāo)對比分析了溫拌和熱拌瀝青路面的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)成本,通過博弈論的收益矩陣指出溫拌技術(shù)存在“囚徒困境”的特征,并探討了溫拌技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用的建議。
[Abstract]:High grade highway asphalt pavement construction needs to consume a large number of road materials and fossil fuels, emissions of a large number of toxic and harmful gases leading to increasingly prominent environmental problems. At present, in view of the energy consumption and emission of asphalt pavement construction, qualitative evaluation is mostly used in our country, which is lack of scientific and systematic quantitative evaluation system, and it is unable to define the environmental and economic benefits of exhaust gas emissions. Life cycle Assessment (LCA) as a set of assessment methods for evaluating the impact on the environment throughout the life cycle of products is a hindrance to the promotion and application of warm mix energy saving technology. The energy consumption and emission in different stages of product "from cradle to grave" are considered synthetically, in order to promote the production enterprises and management departments to attach importance to the problem of energy saving and emission reduction of asphalt pavement. The realization of low-carbon environmental sustainable development provides theoretical support. In the "energy conservation, environmental protection, achieve sustainable development" strong voice of the times. It is necessary to evaluate the energy saving and emission reduction effect and economic efficiency of warm mix asphalt pavement during the construction period. Firstly, the paper reviews the domestic and foreign research status of asphalt pavement energy consumption and exhaust gas emissions. The energy products during the construction period of asphalt pavement are analyzed by the methods of literature investigation and field investigation. Using the life cycle analysis framework of the International Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, the asphalt pavement construction period is divided into raw material production, raw material transportation and mixture production. The calculation range and boundary conditions of each stage are determined in four stages of mixture construction. The energy consumption and emission of warm asphalt and hot mix asphalt were compared and analyzed by using the basic theoretical method of thermodynamics to calculate and analyze the temperature and moisture content of the mixture. The effect of oil stone ratio on energy consumption and emission of warm mix asphalt mixture in production stage, calculating the energy consumption and emissions after upgrading and reforming "oil to gas" in mixing station, and fully excavating the potential of reducing emission in the production stage of mixture. With the help of the life cycle environmental impact assessment method proposed by Danish industrial product environment design, six main kinds of exhaust gas were classified into global warming, photochemical smog, eutrophication and acidification. Based on the characteristic factors, a model was established to calculate the environmental impact. The dimensions of the LCIA were unified by using the two optional steps of standardization and weighting. This paper compares and analyzes the human lifetime value of environmental impact potential after the construction period of warm mixing and hot mix asphalt pavement, and gives the order of environmental impact severity. Finally. The cost of asphalt pavement construction is calculated by the method of comprehensive unit price, and the social willingness to pay environmental cost and the calculation model of environmental cost are determined by combining the theory of resources and environmental economics. Using the input-output ratio, energy consumption per unit output value and the technical index of CO2 emission per unit output value, the comprehensive economic cost of warm mixing and hot mix asphalt pavement is analyzed. Through the income matrix of game theory, this paper points out the characteristics of "prisoner's dilemma" in warm mixing technology, and discusses the suggestions for the popularization and application of warm mixing technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U414

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