稀土對(duì)C-Mn鋼中針狀鐵素體形成的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-06-04 18:40
【摘要】:稀土在鋼中的應(yīng)用自上世紀(jì)60年代起一直得到國(guó)家的重視。稀土加入鋼中可起到脫氧、脫硫和變質(zhì)夾雜等作用,生成大量高熔點(diǎn)、彌散、細(xì)小的夾雜物。稀土夾雜物能夠誘導(dǎo)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形核,細(xì)化鋼的組織,提高鋼的強(qiáng)韌性。然而目前關(guān)于鋼中添加稀土促進(jìn)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體的形成國(guó)內(nèi)外還缺乏系統(tǒng)深入研究。本論文以稀土氧化物冶金技術(shù)為背景,通過(guò)向C-Mn鋼中加入少量稀土,系統(tǒng)研究稀土處理C-Mn鋼后夾雜物和顯微組織的變化規(guī)律、鋼成分和稀土夾雜物協(xié)同作用與熱處理制度對(duì)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形成的影響,闡明稀土處理得到晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體組織的控制條件,并探究稀土處理對(duì)鋼焊接熱影響區(qū)組織和性能的影響規(guī)律,為拓展稀土在鋼中的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。稀土對(duì)C-Mn鋼中夾雜物和顯微組織的影響研究表明,本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下向C-Mn鋼中添加0.017 wt%的稀土后,FactSage軟件熱力學(xué)計(jì)算與掃描電子顯微鏡及透射電子顯微鏡檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼中的主要夾雜物為RE2O2S和MnS的復(fù)合夾雜及少量硅鋁酸鹽夾雜,尺寸明顯細(xì)化。1100℃水冷試樣組織由馬氏體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榇罅康木?nèi)針狀鐵素體。在稀土處理方式上,對(duì)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形成而言,稀土La和Ce復(fù)合處理優(yōu)于單一稀土添加,La和Ce最佳復(fù)合質(zhì)量比約為3:1。稀土處理C-Mn鋼后晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形核核心尺寸主要集中在1 μm~4 Um,且這些核心主要是在鋼液中形成的。稀土加入鋼中后保溫約5 min時(shí),尺寸在1 μm~4μm夾雜物數(shù)量百分比最高,最有利于獲得大量的有效核心。鋼中C,Mn和Al與稀土處理協(xié)同作用對(duì)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形成的影響研究表明,改變C和Mn含量對(duì)稀土處理后鋼中夾雜物種類(lèi)、數(shù)量和尺寸影響不大。本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下能與稀土處理協(xié)同作用獲得大量晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體的C含量范圍在0.1 wt%-0.18 wt%,Mn含量范圍約為0.75 wt%~1.31 wt%。熱力學(xué)計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下C-Mn鋼中A1含量超過(guò)0.004 wt%時(shí),能夠使0.017 wt%稀土處理鋼中的稀土夾雜物種類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镽EAlO3和RE2S3。同時(shí)A1含量越高,奧氏體向鐵素體轉(zhuǎn)變的開(kāi)始溫度越高,鋼中夾雜物數(shù)量越少,不利于針狀鐵素體組織的生成。鋼中不同種類(lèi)的稀土夾雜物誘導(dǎo)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形核效果研究結(jié)果表明,誘導(dǎo)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形核最有效的純稀土夾雜物種類(lèi)是RE2O2S,晶格錯(cuò)配度計(jì)算表明RE2O2S夾雜誘導(dǎo)針狀鐵素體形核是由于其與a-Fe間的低晶格錯(cuò)配度。C-Mn鋼中RE2O2S夾雜有MnS依附析出形成復(fù)合形核核心時(shí),由于低晶格錯(cuò)配度和Mn元素貧乏區(qū)兩種機(jī)理共同作用,RE2O2S與MnS復(fù)合夾雜誘導(dǎo)晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體的形核能力明顯強(qiáng)于純RE2O2S夾雜。熱處理過(guò)程對(duì)稀土處理C-Mn鋼中針狀鐵素體形成的影響研究表明,稀土處理C-Mn鋼晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形成的最佳奧氏體化溫度約為1100℃,1100℃奧氏體化最佳保溫時(shí)間約在20 min-30 min,有利于晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形核的奧氏體晶粒尺寸約為150 1μm,冷卻速率范圍在2℃/s-8℃/s。不同方式稀土處理C-Mn鋼后獲得晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體的最佳奧氏體晶粒尺寸及冷卻速率差別不大。當(dāng)鋼中A1含量升高為0.027 wt%時(shí),晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體形成的最佳冷卻速率范圍變窄到2℃/s-5℃/s。稀土處理對(duì)鋼中原始奧氏體晶粒長(zhǎng)大有明顯的抑制作用,1100℃下保溫40 min后,鋼中奧氏體晶粒長(zhǎng)大不明顯,尺寸約為150 μm。利用Gleeble熱模擬機(jī)模擬研究了焊接熱輸入對(duì)稀土處理的15 mm厚鋼板焊接熱影響區(qū)組織和性能的影響,結(jié)果表明,在稀土處理C-Mn鋼中,焊接熱輸入為25 kJ/cm時(shí)熱影響區(qū)顯微組織主要是貝氏體,熱輸入線能量在50kJ/cm~100 kJ/cm范圍內(nèi)熱影響區(qū)中晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體組織含量隨著熱輸入線能量的增大而增多。在焊接熱輸入為100 kJ/cm時(shí)稀土處理鋼熱影響區(qū)由于形成了較多的晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體,其室溫沖擊韌性與母材相差不大,明顯的改善了焊接熱影響區(qū)的室溫沖擊韌性。不同方式稀土處理鋼的顯微組織和沖擊韌性在各熱輸入線能量下差別不大,焊接熱輸入線能量在75 kJ/cm和100 kJ/cm時(shí)復(fù)合稀土處理鋼熱影響區(qū)沖擊韌性略高于單一稀土處理鋼。測(cè)定了稀土處理C-Mn鋼焊接熱影響區(qū)的連續(xù)冷卻轉(zhuǎn)變曲線,發(fā)現(xiàn)稀土處理鋼獲得晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體的At8/5范圍為40 s-600 s。鋁脫氧C-Mn鋼稀土處理后焊接過(guò)程能夠獲得晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體的△t8/5范圍變窄到100 s~300 s,較難得到晶內(nèi)針狀鐵素體組織,其熱影響區(qū)在焊接熱輸入為75 kJ/cm和100 kJ/cm時(shí)容易形成粗大的晶界鐵素體和貝氏體/魏氏體組織。
[Abstract]:The application of rare-earth in steel has been valued by the state since the 1960s. The addition of rare earth into the steel can play a role in deoxidization, desulfation and metamorphic inclusion, so as to generate a large amount of high melting point, dispersion and fine inclusions. The rare-earth inclusion can induce the nucleation of acicular ferrite in the crystal, refine the structure of the steel, and improve the strength and toughness of the steel. However, there is a lack of systematic in-depth study on the formation of acicular ferrite in the crystal by adding rare earth to the steel. In this paper, by adding a small amount of rare earth to the C-Mn steel, the change of the inclusions and the microstructure of the rare-earth-treated C-Mn steel and the effect of the synergistic effect of the steel composition and the rare-earth inclusion on the formation of the acicular ferrite in the crystal are studied by adding a small amount of rare earth to the C-Mn steel. The control condition of the acicular ferrite in the crystal is obtained by the rare-earth treatment, and the influence of the rare-earth treatment on the microstructure and the properties of the heat-affected zone of the steel is investigated, and the scientific basis and the technical support for the application of the rare-earth in the steel are provided. The effect of rare-earth on the inclusion and microstructure of C-Mn steel shows that after adding 0.017 wt% of rare-earth to C-Mn steel under the condition of this experiment, FactSage software thermodynamic calculation and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope have found that the main inclusions in the steel are the composite inclusions of RE2O2S and MnS and a small amount of aluminosilicate inclusions, and the size is obviously refined. The structure of the water-cooled sample at 1100 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2492918
[Abstract]:The application of rare-earth in steel has been valued by the state since the 1960s. The addition of rare earth into the steel can play a role in deoxidization, desulfation and metamorphic inclusion, so as to generate a large amount of high melting point, dispersion and fine inclusions. The rare-earth inclusion can induce the nucleation of acicular ferrite in the crystal, refine the structure of the steel, and improve the strength and toughness of the steel. However, there is a lack of systematic in-depth study on the formation of acicular ferrite in the crystal by adding rare earth to the steel. In this paper, by adding a small amount of rare earth to the C-Mn steel, the change of the inclusions and the microstructure of the rare-earth-treated C-Mn steel and the effect of the synergistic effect of the steel composition and the rare-earth inclusion on the formation of the acicular ferrite in the crystal are studied by adding a small amount of rare earth to the C-Mn steel. The control condition of the acicular ferrite in the crystal is obtained by the rare-earth treatment, and the influence of the rare-earth treatment on the microstructure and the properties of the heat-affected zone of the steel is investigated, and the scientific basis and the technical support for the application of the rare-earth in the steel are provided. The effect of rare-earth on the inclusion and microstructure of C-Mn steel shows that after adding 0.017 wt% of rare-earth to C-Mn steel under the condition of this experiment, FactSage software thermodynamic calculation and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope have found that the main inclusions in the steel are the composite inclusions of RE2O2S and MnS and a small amount of aluminosilicate inclusions, and the size is obviously refined. The structure of the water-cooled sample at 1100 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2492918
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