【摘要】：隨著大厚壁工件的在重型機(jī)械、大型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、船舶等的廣泛應(yīng)用,其焊接問題成為研究的熱點(diǎn),激光-MAG復(fù)合焊接技術(shù)作為高效的焊接新技術(shù)受到了人們的重視,可用于解決大厚壁工件的焊接問題。激光-MAG復(fù)合焊接過程中激光的引入改變了MAG焊電弧導(dǎo)電機(jī)制,電弧等離子體和激光致等離子體能量相互耦合,通過高速攝像可以直接觀察電弧形態(tài)變化。分別以180A小電流和300A大電流進(jìn)行光纖激光-MAG復(fù)合焊接試驗(yàn),研究激光對(duì)MAG焊不同過渡模式(短路過渡模式、噴射過渡模式)的影響規(guī)律,通過高速攝像圖像和電信號(hào)的采集對(duì)激光引入前后電弧形態(tài)和熔滴過渡變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析,給出了激光-MAG復(fù)合焊接機(jī)理的理論解釋。隨后以10mm厚Q345B鋼板為母材,針對(duì)激光-MAG復(fù)合焊接主要工藝參數(shù)(激光功率PL、焊接電流I、離焦量??、光絲間距DLA、焊接速度Vw、激光電弧相對(duì)位置等)對(duì)焊縫成形的影響規(guī)律開展一系列研究,為復(fù)合焊接工藝優(yōu)化提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。以10mm厚Q345B鋼板Y形坡口(鈍邊4mm,坡口角度45°)進(jìn)行了復(fù)合焊接工藝試驗(yàn)研究,采用的復(fù)合焊接主要工藝參數(shù)為:激光功率PL=3.5kW,電流I=240~300A,焊接速VW=600~1000mm/min,并對(duì)復(fù)合焊縫成形進(jìn)行分析,實(shí)現(xiàn)單面焊雙面成形;針對(duì)實(shí)際焊接生產(chǎn)中組對(duì)精度差的問題,開展了激光-MAG復(fù)合焊接技術(shù)對(duì)組對(duì)間隙和錯(cuò)邊量的工藝適應(yīng)性研究,復(fù)合焊接主要工藝參數(shù)為:PL=3.5kW,I=270A,VW=800mm/min,對(duì)間隙0~2mm、錯(cuò)邊量0~2mm的組對(duì)誤差進(jìn)行試焊并研究復(fù)合焊縫成形規(guī)律。對(duì)激光-MAG復(fù)合焊焊縫橫截面進(jìn)行了宏觀形貌和顯微組織觀察,復(fù)合焊縫橫截面幾何形貌與單獨(dú)激光焊和MAG焊均不同,在焊縫熔深方向存在激光電弧作用區(qū)和激光作用區(qū)。對(duì)復(fù)合焊縫進(jìn)行硬度、拉伸、彎曲、沖擊等力學(xué)性能測試,研究激光-MAG復(fù)合焊接工藝對(duì)焊縫力學(xué)性能影響的規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:With the extensive application of large thick wall workpieces in heavy machinery, large steel structures, ships and so on, the welding problem has become a hot spot. Laser-MAG hybrid welding technology has been paid attention to as a new high-efficient welding technology. It can be used to solve the welding problem of large thick wall workpiece. The introduction of laser in the laser-MAG hybrid welding process changes the arc conduction mechanism of MAG welding. The energy of arc plasma and laser-induced plasma are coupled each other. The change of arc shape can be observed directly by high-speed camera. The experiment of fiber laser-MAG hybrid welding with 180A low current and 300A high current is carried out respectively. The influence of laser on different transfer modes (short circuit mode and jet mode) of MAG welding is studied. The change of arc morphology and droplet transition before and after laser introduction is analyzed by collecting high-speed video images and electrical signals, and the theoretical explanation of laser-MAG hybrid welding mechanism is given. Then using 10mm thick Q345B steel plate as base metal, aiming at the main technological parameters of laser-MAG hybrid welding (laser power PL, welding current I, defocus?, wire spacing DLA, welding speed Vw,) A series of studies on the influence of laser arc relative position on weld forming are carried out in order to provide experimental basis for optimization of composite welding process. The hybrid welding process of 10mm thick Q345B steel plate with Y groove (4mm blunt edge, 45 擄groove angle) was studied. The main parameters of hybrid welding were as follows: laser power PL=3.5kW, current I, 240? 300A, welding speed VW=600~1000mm/min,? The composite weld forming is analyzed to realize the single-side welding and double-sided forming. In order to solve the problem of poor accuracy of group pair in actual welding production, the research on the technological adaptability of laser-MAG hybrid welding technology to the clearance and staggered amount of group is carried out. The main technological parameters of composite welding are as follows: PL=3.5kW,I=270A,VW=800mm/min, to gap of 0 ~ 2 mm, The error of the staggered 0~2mm is tested and the forming law of the composite weld is studied. The macroscopic morphology and microstructure of laser-MAG composite welding seam cross section are observed. The cross section geometry of composite weld is different from that of laser welding and MAG welding, and there are laser arc acting zone and laser acting zone in the direction of weld penetration. The effects of laser-MAG hybrid welding process on the mechanical properties of composite welds were studied by testing the mechanical properties of composite welds such as hardness, tensile, bending and impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京石油化工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG457.11

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