【摘要】：超疏水表面因其拒水特性廣泛存在于自然界生物中,又通過仿生,被人類廣泛應用于生產(chǎn)生活中,在抗腐蝕、防霧、抗冰、油水分離、液體定向傳輸、液滴及氣泡收集、自清潔以及微流體控制等領域有著巨大的應用價值�，F(xiàn)有超疏水表面構(gòu)造方法,較難在金屬表面構(gòu)建出可精確控制尺寸的多級結(jié)構(gòu)。本文利用多層不同厚度的異種金屬箔片擴散連接,并經(jīng)過界面的化學腐蝕、納米結(jié)構(gòu)生長、低表面能物質(zhì)修飾等工藝,實現(xiàn)了可精確調(diào)控微米尺寸的超疏水表面構(gòu)建。對數(shù)百層交替堆疊的銅箔和鐵箔進行了擴散連接,并對形成接頭界面處的鐵進行了化學腐蝕,進而構(gòu)造出具有微米級條紋狀銅凸起的粗糙界面。探究了腐蝕劑種類、腐蝕時間對不同銅鐵厚度比樣品表面形成溝壑深度的影響規(guī)律。研究表明,采用鹽酸和硫酸作腐蝕劑得到的腐蝕表面形貌不均勻,不利于實現(xiàn)微米結(jié)構(gòu)的精確控制;采用高氯酸作為腐蝕劑得到的腐蝕表面形貌均勻良好。對于不同銅鐵厚度比的界面,相同的腐蝕時間下,得到的溝壑深度也不相同;但對于相同銅鐵厚度比的界面,腐蝕后表面的溝壑深寬比與腐蝕時間基本成正比。實現(xiàn)可精確控制尺寸的一維微米結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)造后,選用了0.12 mol/L K2S2O8和3.2 mol/L NaOH混合溶液對獲取表面的銅進行氧化處理,實現(xiàn)了表面納米尺度CuO的生長,形成了多尺度復合表面,大大提升了表面粗糙度。再采用0.01 mol/L正十二硫醇酒精溶液對復合表面進行修飾,獲得了超疏水表面,并對表面水接觸角和滾動角進行了測量。研究了修飾時間、表面溝壑深寬比及銅凸起和鐵溝壑的寬度比對接觸角及滾動角的影響。研究表明,當修飾時間為2d,表面溝壑深寬比為0.75,銅凸起和鐵溝壑的寬度比為1:5時,表面的疏水性能最佳。對不同表面結(jié)構(gòu)下,水潤濕狀態(tài)改變機理進行了分析。當凹槽深寬比為0.15時,液滴在表面的潤濕狀態(tài)為Wenzel狀態(tài),當凹槽深寬比大于0.3時,液滴在表面的潤濕狀態(tài)為Cassie。并成功設計了基于一維微納復合結(jié)構(gòu)表面的磁控液滴釋放系統(tǒng),在施加不同方向的磁場方向之后,利用液滴潤濕狀態(tài)的變化,實現(xiàn)液滴的靜止和供給。
[Abstract]:Superhydrophobic surfaces are widely used in natural organisms because of their water-repellent properties, and through bionics, they are widely used in production and life, such as anti-corrosion, anti-fog, anti-ice, oil-water separation, directional liquid transport, droplet collection and bubble collection. Self-cleaning and micro-fluid control have great application value. It is difficult to construct multilevel structure on metal surface by superhydrophobic surface construction method. In this paper, the super-hydrophobic surface structure with micron size can be precisely controlled by the diffusion bonding of multilayer and different thickness dissimilar metal foil, and by chemical corrosion of interface, growth of nanostructure and modification of low surface energy material. Hundreds of layers of alternately stacked copper foil and iron foil were connected by diffusion, and the iron formed at the joint interface was chemically corroded, and a rough interface with micron striped copper protrusions was constructed. The effects of etchants and corrosion time on the gully depth of different copper and iron thickness were investigated. The results show that the corrosion surface morphology obtained by using hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid as etchant is not uniform, which is not conducive to the precise control of micron structure, and the corrosion surface morphology obtained by using perchloric acid as etchant is good. For the interface with different thickness ratio of copper and iron, the gully depth is different at the same corrosion time, but for the interface with the same thickness ratio of copper and iron, the ratio of the depth to width of the surface after corrosion is directly proportional to the corrosion time. After the structure of one-dimensional micron structure can be accurately controlled, the copper on the surface was oxidized by 0.12 mol/L K2S2O8 and 3.2 mol/L NaOH mixed solution, and the growth of nano-scale CuO on the surface was realized. A multi-scale composite surface is formed, which greatly improves the surface roughness. The superhydrophobic surface was obtained by modifying the composite surface with 0.01 mol/L n-dodecanethanol alcohol solution, and the surface water contact angle and rolling angle were measured. The effects of modification time, ratio of depth to width of surface gully and the ratio of copper bulge to iron gully width on contact angle and rolling angle were studied. The results show that the hydrophobicity of the surface is the best when the modification time is 2 days, the ratio of depth to width of the surface is 0.75 and the ratio of copper bulge to iron gully is 1:5. The change mechanism of water wetting state under different surface structure was analyzed. When the ratio of groove depth to width is 0. 15, the wetting state of droplets on the surface is Wenzel, and when the ratio of groove depth to width is greater than 0. 3, the wetting state of droplets on the surface is Cassie.. A magnetically controlled droplet releasing system based on one-dimensional micro-nano composite structure was designed successfully. After applying different magnetic field directions, the droplet wetting state was changed to realize the static and supply of the droplet.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG174.4

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本文編號：2415301