方形相變蓄熱單元內(nèi)Al-Cu合金熔化和凝固過程傳熱特性研究
發(fā)布時間:2019-01-05 04:50
【摘要】:能源短缺是人類面臨的最嚴峻的社會問題之一。潛熱蓄熱(LHTES)技術(shù)可以緩解能源在時間和強度上的不連續(xù)性和不穩(wěn)定性,同時又具備儲能密度高、過程易于控制、蓄放熱過程近似等溫等優(yōu)點,因而在電力調(diào)峰、太陽能利用、余廢熱回收和航空航天等領(lǐng)域有著極大的利用價值。相變材料的潛熱蓄熱性能及其在相變過程中的傳熱特性都是潛熱蓄熱技術(shù)研究的重要課題。采用差示掃描量熱法(DSC)和激光脈沖法(LFA)研究了 Cu含量在7.4%~51.7%范圍內(nèi)的Al-Cu合金相變材料的相變溫度、相變潛熱、比熱、熱擴散系數(shù)、導熱系數(shù)及其熱穩(wěn)定性,并結(jié)合其金相組織對熱力學性能影響規(guī)律的內(nèi)在機理進行了分析。結(jié)果顯示,當Cu含量在7.4%~51.7%范圍內(nèi)時,Al-Cu合金的相變溫度在524.4~645.9 ℃范圍內(nèi);隨Cu含量的增加,Al-Cu合金的質(zhì)量潛熱呈遞減趨勢,而體積潛熱卻呈上升趨勢。當Cu含量在7.4%~51.7%范圍內(nèi)時,Al-Cu合金的比熱隨Cu含量的增加呈遞減趨勢;當溫度在25~500 ℃范圍內(nèi)時,Al-Cu合金的比熱隨溫度增加呈遞增趨勢。此外,Al-Cu合金的導熱系數(shù)隨Cu含量的升高而降低,但即使Cu含量達到51.7%,其常溫下的導熱系數(shù)仍然高達104 W·m-1·K-1。Al-Cu合金的具備較好的熱穩(wěn)定性,在經(jīng)過300次(歷時18000min)加速熔化、凝固循環(huán)后,Al-Cu合金的相變溫度和相變潛熱均在較小范圍內(nèi)變化。研究結(jié)果表明,Al-Cu合金作為高溫相變材料具有在太陽能蓄熱領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用的巨大潛力。對中心帶有恒溫換熱圓管的方形蓄熱單元內(nèi)Al-Cu合金的熔化和凝固過程進行了數(shù)值模擬,研究了相變材料(PCM)的熔化和凝固特性以及蓄熱單元寬高比和中心換熱管位置對PCM熔化和凝固過程的影響,并探討了蓄熱面積系數(shù)的影響作用。結(jié)果顯示,對于中心換熱管直徑為20 mm、橫截面積為6400 mm2的方形蓄熱單元,PCM的熔化和凝固時間均隨著寬高比的增加呈現(xiàn)先縮短后增長的變化趨勢,且當寬高比約為1.56時,PCM的熔化時間最短,定義其為該蓄熱單元的最佳熔化寬高比;當寬高比約為1時,PCM的凝固時間最短,定義其為該蓄熱單元的最佳凝固寬高比。當蓄熱面積系數(shù)增加時,蓄熱單元的最佳熔化寬高比出現(xiàn)了增大的趨勢,而最佳凝固寬高比保持不變。此外,PCM的熔化和凝固時間隨著中心換熱管位置y的減小呈現(xiàn)出先縮短后增長的變化趨勢。定義方形蓄熱單元內(nèi)PCM熔化/凝固時間最短時對應(yīng)的中心換熱管位置y為最佳熔化/凝固換熱管位置。那么,上述單元的最佳熔化換熱管位置介于-1/16H和-1/8H之間,最佳凝固換熱管位置約為0。當蓄熱面積系數(shù)增加時,蓄熱單元的最佳熔化換熱管位置出現(xiàn)了減小的趨勢,而最佳凝固換熱管位置保持不變。將方形蓄熱單元的寬高比和中心換熱管位置的研究相結(jié)合,在單元處于最佳熔化寬高比(K=1.56)和最佳凝固寬高比(K=1.56)條件下,分別對中心換熱管位置在熔化和凝固過程中的影響作用進行了對比研究。
[Abstract]:Energy shortage is one of the most serious social problems facing mankind. Latent heat storage (LHTES) technology can alleviate the discontinuity and instability of energy in time and intensity, at the same time, it has the advantages of high energy storage density, easy to control the process and similar isothermal heat storage and exothermic process, so it is used in power peak-shaving. Solar energy utilization, waste heat recovery, aerospace and other fields have great value. The latent heat storage performance of phase change materials and their heat transfer characteristics in the process of phase change are important subjects in the research of latent heat storage technology. The phase transformation temperature, latent heat, specific heat and thermal diffusion coefficient of Al-Cu alloy phase change material with Cu content in the range of 7.4% and 51.7% were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and laser pulse (LFA). The thermal conductivity and thermal stability were analyzed, and the internal mechanism of the influence of metallographic structure on thermodynamic properties was analyzed. The results show that when the Cu content is within the range of 7.4% and 51.7%, the transformation temperature of the Al-Cu alloy is in the range of 524.440 ~ 645.9 鈩,
本文編號:2401296
[Abstract]:Energy shortage is one of the most serious social problems facing mankind. Latent heat storage (LHTES) technology can alleviate the discontinuity and instability of energy in time and intensity, at the same time, it has the advantages of high energy storage density, easy to control the process and similar isothermal heat storage and exothermic process, so it is used in power peak-shaving. Solar energy utilization, waste heat recovery, aerospace and other fields have great value. The latent heat storage performance of phase change materials and their heat transfer characteristics in the process of phase change are important subjects in the research of latent heat storage technology. The phase transformation temperature, latent heat, specific heat and thermal diffusion coefficient of Al-Cu alloy phase change material with Cu content in the range of 7.4% and 51.7% were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and laser pulse (LFA). The thermal conductivity and thermal stability were analyzed, and the internal mechanism of the influence of metallographic structure on thermodynamic properties was analyzed. The results show that when the Cu content is within the range of 7.4% and 51.7%, the transformation temperature of the Al-Cu alloy is in the range of 524.440 ~ 645.9 鈩,
本文編號:2401296
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