【摘要】：電磁成形屬于高能率成形技術(shù)領域,是金屬工件受瞬間脈沖磁場力產(chǎn)生形變的一種高速成形方式。它能夠直接或間接得完成工件的成形、校形、精壓等加工,并且與傳統(tǒng)壓力加工相比,具有加工成本低、對環(huán)境無污染、成形精度高、回彈小、提高局部變形能力、重復性好、不影響材料性能等優(yōu)點,適用于航空鋁、鎂、鈦等難成形材料,對提高航空制造水平具有重要科學意義和應用價值。本文通過總結(jié)一般金屬的電磁成形規(guī)律,并運用電磁學理論知識,推導出了管件成形用螺線管線圈及板材成形用平面螺旋線圈的感應磁場強度矢量表達式。根據(jù)成形原理,制定了鈦合金TC1焊接管件端口電磁校圓以及TC4鈦合金板材圓孔電磁翻邊實驗工藝。設計了實驗方案,并自主研發(fā)了相關(guān)的試驗設備。實驗結(jié)果表明:采用電磁成形技術(shù)對TC1鈦合金焊接管進行校圓加工,可在室溫下提高鈦合金材料的成形極限,同時有效控制回彈;能完全取代人工打壓千斤頂進行校圓的方式,大大縮減了人力強度、提高了生產(chǎn)效率與精度;室溫下采用帶驅(qū)動片的電磁輔助沖壓成形工藝對TC4板材進行圓孔翻邊,能夠完全避免翻邊圓孔橢圓化、突緣平面翹曲等缺陷,并且設備及模具簡單、安全可控、成形效率高。根據(jù)實驗數(shù)據(jù),本文獲得了電磁成形時鈦合金毛坯件的變形規(guī)律:在被加工工件未至貼模狀態(tài)或達到成形極限前,設備的放電電壓是主導工件變形效果的主要影響參數(shù)。隨成形放電電壓的增大,其變形尺寸也逐漸變大,且每種特定材料、尺寸的工件自身都具有其最佳電磁成形放電電壓值。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic forming belongs to the field of high energy rate forming technology. It is a high speed forming method for metal workpiece which is deformed by instantaneous pulse magnetic field force. Compared with the traditional pressure machining, it has the advantages of low cost, no pollution to the environment, high forming precision, small springback, high local deformation ability and good repeatability. It is suitable for aeronautical aluminum, magnesium, titanium and other difficult forming materials, which has important scientific significance and application value to improve aviation manufacturing level. In this paper, the induction magnetic field intensity vector expressions of solenoid coils for tube forming and planar helical coils for sheet metal forming are derived by summarizing the electromagnetic forming laws of general metals and using the theory of electromagnetism. According to the forming principle, the experimental technology of electromagnetic flanging of TC1 welded pipe end and round hole of TC4 titanium alloy sheet was established. The experimental scheme is designed, and the related test equipment is developed independently. The experimental results show that the forming limit of titanium alloy material can be improved at room temperature and the springback can be effectively controlled by using electromagnetic forming technology to calibrate the welded pipe of TC1 titanium alloy. It can completely replace the manual pressure Jack to adjust the circle, greatly reduces the manpower strength, and improves the production efficiency and precision. At room temperature, the TC4 sheet is flanged by electromagnetic assisted forming with driving plates, which can completely avoid the defects such as ellipse of the flanging hole and plane warpage of the flanging edge. The equipment and die are simple, safe and controllable, and the forming efficiency is high. According to the experimental data, the deformation law of titanium alloy blank during electromagnetic forming is obtained: the discharge voltage of the equipment is the main parameter that affects the deformation effect of the workpiece before the die state or forming limit is reached. With the increase of the discharge voltage, the deformation size of the workpiece becomes larger, and each kind of material and the workpiece has its own optimal electromagnetic discharge voltage.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽航空航天大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG391

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