AP1000主管道316LN不銹鋼的組織演變行為
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-04 11:26
【摘要】:超低C控N型316LN奧氏體不銹鋼,因其具有良好的加工性能、優(yōu)良的綜合力學(xué)性能以及耐晶間應(yīng)力腐蝕性能,被選用作AP1000第三代壓水堆核電站的主管道材料。不同于第二代壓水堆核電站的鑄造型主管道,AP1000主管道采用管體和管嘴整體鍛造成型,且服役壽命延長(zhǎng)至60年,這對(duì)主管道材料的性能和制造工藝都提出了很高的要求。在主管道制造和服役過(guò)程中,影響其性能的最本質(zhì)因素是化學(xué)成分和組織的變化,因此開(kāi)展316LN不銹鋼相關(guān)組織變化的研究對(duì)主管道制造及應(yīng)用均有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文針對(duì)AP1000核電站主管道的制造以及服役過(guò)程,研究了主管道材料316LN不銹鋼的鑄態(tài)組織特征及其影響因素、在熱加工條件下的組織演變特征以及在400℃下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)效過(guò)程中的組織和性能變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果將有助于理解主管道在制造過(guò)程中的組織控制以及服役過(guò)程中的組織預(yù)判,并可為主管道材料成分和加工工藝的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供參考數(shù)據(jù)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),化學(xué)成分的改變影響316LN不銹鋼鑄態(tài)組織的一次枝晶間距:隨著Cr、Mo、Ni含量的增加,一次枝晶間距增大;N含量增加可減小一次枝晶間距;瘜W(xué)成分的改變還影響316LN不銹鋼的凝固順序和相組成:隨著N、Ni的增加及Ci、Mo的減少,高溫鐵素體的形成受到抑制,間隙原子N的影響大于置換原子Ci、Ni、Mo的影響。在普通鑄造條件下,316LN不銹鋼的凝固模式首先受化學(xué)成分的影響,可以利用Hammar and Svensson當(dāng)量公式較準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)316LN不銹鋼的凝固模式,AP1000主管道材料在設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范要求的成分范圍內(nèi)實(shí)際存在三種凝固模式:A(全奧氏體組織)、AF(先析奧氏體+枝間鐵素體組織)、FA(先析鐵素體+枝間奧氏體組織),成分調(diào)控空間較大。在鑄造的冷速范圍內(nèi),除了具有FA模式的316LN不銹鋼在冷速大于10℃/s時(shí)從包晶反應(yīng)部分轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣簿Х磻?yīng)外,總體上冷卻速率對(duì)316LN不銹鋼凝固模式的影響不大,但可影響其組織中δ鐵素體相的形貌、6相向奧氏體相的固態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程以及各相中的化學(xué)成分分布。在熱加工溫度范圍內(nèi),316LN不銹鋼發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶,具有AF凝固模式的鑄態(tài)316LN不銹鋼的再結(jié)晶溫度和εc/εp值高于其他成分,其相應(yīng)的鍛態(tài)材料的再結(jié)晶溫度也較其他成分的316LN不銹鋼鍛態(tài)材料高。δ鐵素體可通過(guò)"PSN"機(jī)制為動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶提供形核位置,促進(jìn)動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶的發(fā)生。先析出的“骨架狀”δ鐵素體為動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶形核提供的位置多于后析出的“島狀”δ鐵素體。“骨架狀”δ鐵素體的存在促進(jìn)了動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶,改善了有害元素分布,提高了316LN不銹鋼的熱塑性。在AP1000主管道材料成分范圍內(nèi),“骨架狀”δ鐵素體含量增大,為動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶提供的形核位置越多。但δ相增多的同時(shí)也會(huì)增大裂紋形成傾向,需要辯證看待δ鐵素體的作用。δ鐵素體在動(dòng)態(tài)再結(jié)晶以及隨后的靜態(tài)再結(jié)晶過(guò)程中均發(fā)生了溶解和球化,應(yīng)變量對(duì)δ鐵素體溶解的影響程度大于溫度以及保溫時(shí)間的影響。400℃長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)效處理后,316LN不銹鋼的沖擊功隨著時(shí)效時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)逐漸下降,晶界部位的微區(qū)硬度隨著時(shí)效時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)逐漸增大,總體上拉伸性能變化程度不大,但從斷口形貌中可以看出時(shí)效處理后316LN不銹鋼的塑性變差。在未添加C1-的模擬一回路水環(huán)境中,時(shí)效處理并未引起316LN不銹鋼的應(yīng)力腐蝕發(fā)生,但隨著時(shí)效時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)樣品表面氧化膜中的Cr、Mo氧化物含量減少,Ni的氧化物含量增多,氧化膜的穩(wěn)定性逐漸下降。隨著時(shí)效時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),316LN不銹鋼中未發(fā)生明顯的析出行為,在時(shí)效10000h的樣品的局部組織中可觀察到極少量的富Cr、Si相,推測(cè)為Chi(x)相;在時(shí)效過(guò)程中,Cr、Mo、N元素逐漸向晶界部位擴(kuò)散,使得晶界部位的Cr、Mo、N含量逐漸升高;w中Cr、Mo、Ni、N含量增加會(huì)促進(jìn)元素?cái)U(kuò)散,增大相應(yīng)的M2N或M23C6相的析出傾向,提高了316LN不銹鋼的微區(qū)硬度。
[Abstract]:Ultra-low C-controlled N-type 316LN austenitic stainless steel is selected as the main pipeline material of AP1000 third-generation PWR nuclear power plant because of its good processability, excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and intergranular stress corrosion resistance. Unlike the foundry supervisor of the second-generation PWR nuclear power plant, the AP1000 main pipeline adopts the integral forging and molding of the pipe body and the pipe nozzle, and the service life is extended to 60 years, which has high requirements on the performance and manufacturing process of the main pipeline materials. In the course of manufacturing and service of main pipeline, the most essential factor affecting its performance is the change of chemical composition and organization. Therefore, the research on the change of 316LN stainless steel related tissue has important practical significance to the manufacture and application of main pipeline. In the light of the manufacture and service process of the main pipeline of AP1000 nuclear power plant, the characteristics and influencing factors of the cast state of the main pipe material 316LN stainless steel are studied, the microstructure evolution characteristics under hot working conditions and the organization and performance change of the long-time aging process at 400 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2309685
[Abstract]:Ultra-low C-controlled N-type 316LN austenitic stainless steel is selected as the main pipeline material of AP1000 third-generation PWR nuclear power plant because of its good processability, excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and intergranular stress corrosion resistance. Unlike the foundry supervisor of the second-generation PWR nuclear power plant, the AP1000 main pipeline adopts the integral forging and molding of the pipe body and the pipe nozzle, and the service life is extended to 60 years, which has high requirements on the performance and manufacturing process of the main pipeline materials. In the course of manufacturing and service of main pipeline, the most essential factor affecting its performance is the change of chemical composition and organization. Therefore, the research on the change of 316LN stainless steel related tissue has important practical significance to the manufacture and application of main pipeline. In the light of the manufacture and service process of the main pipeline of AP1000 nuclear power plant, the characteristics and influencing factors of the cast state of the main pipe material 316LN stainless steel are studied, the microstructure evolution characteristics under hot working conditions and the organization and performance change of the long-time aging process at 400 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2309685
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