【摘要】：本文針對(duì)搖動(dòng)電弧窄間隙MAG焊方法,構(gòu)建了一種采用背景光源的焊接電弧高速攝像采集系統(tǒng),觀測(cè)了實(shí)芯焊絲和藥芯焊絲在窄間隙焊接中的熔滴過(guò)渡特性,分析了焊接飛濺形式和焊接電弧穩(wěn)定性,并研究了平位置焊接搖動(dòng)工藝參數(shù)(搖動(dòng)頻率、搖動(dòng)角度和側(cè)壁停留時(shí)間)對(duì)焊縫成形的影響,以及立向上焊接時(shí)的搖動(dòng)工藝參數(shù)、送絲速度和線能量一定條件下同時(shí)改變送絲速度和焊接速度對(duì)焊縫成形的影響。在平位置及立向上位置焊接時(shí),熔滴過(guò)渡頻率變化特征和過(guò)渡形式不同。藥芯焊絲焊接過(guò)程中,當(dāng)搖動(dòng)頻率較大時(shí),焊絲在坡口中心位置時(shí)的熔滴過(guò)渡頻率大于側(cè)壁停留時(shí)的穩(wěn)定電弧熔滴過(guò)渡頻率;搖動(dòng)頻率較小時(shí),焊絲在坡口中心位置時(shí)的熔滴過(guò)渡頻率小于側(cè)壁停留時(shí)的穩(wěn)定電弧熔滴過(guò)渡頻率。而實(shí)芯焊絲焊接時(shí)熔滴過(guò)渡頻率規(guī)律與較小的搖動(dòng)頻率條件下藥芯焊絲熔滴過(guò)渡頻率規(guī)律相同。藥芯焊絲和實(shí)芯焊絲平位置焊接時(shí),搖動(dòng)頻率為1.5Hz和2.5Hz的電弧更穩(wěn)定,焊接過(guò)程中飛濺的形式主要為射流過(guò)渡飛濺和細(xì)顆粒飛濺,并有少量爆炸飛濺;立向上焊接時(shí),搖動(dòng)頻率為0.6Hz和0.8Hz時(shí)電弧較穩(wěn)定,焊接飛濺的形式主要為射流過(guò)渡飛濺和滴狀飛濺,并含有少量爆炸飛濺和短路飛濺。平位置焊接時(shí),藥芯焊絲焊渣橫截面積隨搖動(dòng)頻率增大而減小,隨側(cè)壁停留時(shí)間和工藝預(yù)留間隙的增加而有所增加,焊渣表面彎曲度與焊渣截面積的變化趨勢(shì)相反;坡口側(cè)壁熔深隨搖動(dòng)頻率和側(cè)壁停留時(shí)間的增大而增加,而底部熔深與側(cè)壁熔深變化趨勢(shì)相反;工藝預(yù)留間隙的減小均可增加底部和側(cè)壁熔深。立向上位置焊接時(shí),送絲速度的增加,導(dǎo)致焊縫側(cè)壁熔深及底部熔深增加,而焊縫表面彎曲度及焊渣表面彎曲度減小;焊接線能量一定的前提下,送絲速度和焊接速度的增加有利于增加焊縫側(cè)壁熔深和底部熔深。
[Abstract]:In this paper, aiming at the method of rocking arc narrow gap MAG welding, a high speed video acquisition system of welding arc using background light source is constructed, and the droplet transfer characteristics of solid cored wire and flux cored wire in narrow gap welding are observed. The form of welding spatter and the stability of welding arc are analyzed, and the influence of flat-position welding rocking process parameters (rocking frequency, rocking angle and lateral wall residence time) on weld formation and the rocking process parameters in vertical welding are studied. The effect of wire feeding speed and welding speed on weld formation was studied under the condition of wire feeding speed and wire energy. When welding in horizontal position and vertical position, the change characteristics and transition forms of droplet transfer frequency are different. In the process of flux-cored wire welding, the droplet transfer frequency of flux cored wire at the center of the groove is higher than that of the stable arc droplet transfer when the side wall stays. When the rocking frequency is small, the droplet transfer frequency of welding wire at the center of the groove is smaller than that of the stable arc droplet transfer when the side wall stays. However, the flux-cored wire transfer frequency is the same as that of flux-cored wire under the condition of small rocking frequency. The arc with rocking frequency of 1.5Hz and 2.5Hz is more stable when flux-cored wire and solid cored wire are welded in flat position. The main forms of spatter in welding process are jet transfer spatter and fine particle splashing, and there are a few explosive spatter. When the vertical welding frequency is 0.6Hz and 0.8Hz, the arc is stable. The welding spatter is mainly in the form of jet transfer splashing and droplet spatter, and contains a small amount of explosive splashing and short-circuit splashing. The cross section area of flux-cored wire welding slag decreases with the increase of rocking frequency and increases with the increase of side wall residence time and process reserved gap. The change trend of surface bending of flux cored wire welding slag is opposite to that of welding slag cross section area. The depth of the sloping side wall increases with the increase of the rocking frequency and the residence time of the side wall, but the change trend of the bottom penetration is opposite to that of the side wall, and the decrease of the process reserve gap can increase the bottom and side wall penetration. When welding in vertical position, the wire feeding speed increases, which leads to the increase of the penetration depth of the side wall and the bottom of the weld, and the decrease of the bending degree of the weld surface and the surface curvature of the slag. The increase of wire feeding speed and welding speed is beneficial to increase the penetration depth of the side wall and the bottom of the weld under the condition of constant welding line energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG44

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