【摘要】：大型金屬裝備由于工作環(huán)境惡劣而產(chǎn)生裂紋常導(dǎo)致安全事故,因此對(duì)其關(guān)鍵部件實(shí)施結(jié)構(gòu)健康評(píng)估具有重大意義。但目前的研究還存在以下問(wèn)題:針對(duì)缺陷檢測(cè)的研究集中于單缺陷檢測(cè),而對(duì)更符合工程實(shí)際的多缺陷全局金屬材料缺乏關(guān)注;單一的無(wú)損檢測(cè)方式由于其特征信號(hào)單一,不能對(duì)大型金屬構(gòu)件實(shí)行全局健康狀態(tài)的定量檢測(cè)�？p狀缺陷是處于人工缺陷和自然裂紋之間的一個(gè)過(guò)渡研究形式,因此本文以金屬構(gòu)件中多縫狀缺陷為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)金屬構(gòu)件中多縫狀缺陷的定量無(wú)損自動(dòng)化檢測(cè)方法進(jìn)行研究。無(wú)損檢測(cè)技術(shù)是結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)的有效手段之一,電勢(shì)降技術(shù)由于其能量分布于被測(cè)試件全局部位,較易實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)金屬材料全局缺陷定位檢測(cè);脈沖渦流技術(shù)由于其頻譜豐富,響應(yīng)速度快,對(duì)缺陷定量檢測(cè)具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì);電勢(shì)降法與渦流法同屬無(wú)損檢測(cè)中的電磁無(wú)損檢測(cè)方法,容易實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化集成。因此,本論文基于電勢(shì)降技術(shù)和脈沖渦流檢測(cè)技術(shù),在以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)研究:(1)電勢(shì)降缺陷位置識(shí)別研究。建立了直流電勢(shì)降和交流電勢(shì)降的有限元仿真模型,并分析缺陷尺寸、位置、測(cè)點(diǎn)數(shù)等因素對(duì)電勢(shì)降輸出信號(hào)的影響,為確定實(shí)驗(yàn)方案提供參考;搭建電勢(shì)降檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),并基于數(shù)字電導(dǎo)率儀提高實(shí)驗(yàn)精度,與仿真結(jié)果相互驗(yàn)證,最終提出了基于電勢(shì)降技術(shù)的金屬材料全局缺陷定位檢測(cè)方法。(2)脈沖渦流定量無(wú)損檢測(cè)方法研究。一方面建立了含有縫狀缺陷的脈沖渦流檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型,并從分網(wǎng)、邊界條件設(shè)置等方面優(yōu)化模型;另一方面搭建脈沖渦流檢測(cè)縫狀缺陷實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)并評(píng)估其檢測(cè)能力。從仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)角度,提出脈沖渦流檢測(cè)中電磁信號(hào)與縫狀缺陷深度尺寸的關(guān)系模型,基于此提出縫狀缺陷的定量無(wú)損檢測(cè)方法。(3)電勢(shì)降與脈沖渦流技術(shù)集成方法研究�；赩B語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)了電勢(shì)降子系統(tǒng)與脈沖渦流子系統(tǒng)接口,并編寫相應(yīng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制程序,從而完成電勢(shì)降-脈沖渦流集成無(wú)損檢測(cè)系統(tǒng);基于該系統(tǒng)對(duì)7075鋁合金材料縫狀缺陷實(shí)施定位定量檢測(cè),并分析其誤差原因,提出減小誤差的解決方案。
[Abstract]:The cracks of large metal equipment often lead to safety accidents due to the bad working environment, so it is of great significance to carry out structural health assessment for its key components. However, the current research still has the following problems: the research on defect detection is focused on the single defect detection, but it lacks attention to the multi-defect global metal material which is more in line with the engineering reality, and the single nondestructive testing method is single because of its characteristic signal. Large metal components cannot be tested quantitatively for global health status. Seam defect is a transitional research form between artificial defect and natural crack, so the quantitative and automatic nondestructive testing method of multi-slot defect in metal component is studied in this paper. Non-destructive testing (NDT) is one of the effective methods for structural health monitoring. Due to its energy distribution in the whole part of the tested parts, it is easy to detect the global defects of metal materials, and the pulsed eddy current technology is rich in frequency spectrum. The electric potential drop method and eddy current method belong to the electromagnetic nondestructive testing method which is easy to realize automation integration. Therefore, based on the potential drop technology and the pulse eddy current detection technology, this paper studies the following aspects: (1) potential drop defect location identification. The finite element simulation model of DC potential drop and AC potential drop is established, and the influence of defect size, position and measuring number on the output signal of potential drop is analyzed. Finally, based on the digital conductivity meter to improve the experimental accuracy and verify the simulation results, a global defect location detection method for metal materials based on the potential drop technique is proposed. (2) the pulsed eddy current quantitative nondestructive testing method is studied. On the one hand, the numerical calculation model of pulsed eddy current detection system with slit defects is established, and the model is optimized from the aspects of network separation, boundary condition setting, etc. On the other hand, the experimental platform of pulse eddy current detection of slit defects is built and its detection ability is evaluated. From the point of view of simulation and experiment, the relationship model between electromagnetic signal and depth size of slit defect in pulsed eddy current testing is proposed. Based on this model, a quantitative nondestructive testing method for slit defects is proposed. (3) the integration method of potential drop and pulse eddy current technology is studied. The interface between the potential drop subsystem and the pulse eddy current subsystem is designed based on VB language, and the corresponding motion control program is written to complete the integrated non-destructive testing system of the potential drop and pulse eddy current. Based on the system, the location and quantitative detection of 7075 aluminum alloy slit defects is carried out, and the cause of error is analyzed, and the solution to reduce the error is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG115.28

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本文編號(hào)：2290893