【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)步伐的加快,對(duì)鋼鐵材料在高強(qiáng)度以及耐蝕性能等方面提出了一定的要求。本文以耐候鋼和普碳鋼作為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,利用電化學(xué)方法分析評(píng)價(jià)了試驗(yàn)材料的腐蝕行為;采用周浸和鹽霧對(duì)試驗(yàn)鋼進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)室加速腐蝕試驗(yàn),探討成分對(duì)氯鹽環(huán)境下的腐蝕規(guī)律;利用掃描電鏡和XRD衍射儀,對(duì)不同加速腐蝕情況下的銹層形貌與結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行測(cè)定。對(duì)試驗(yàn)鋼電化學(xué)的研究結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)鋼中Cr含量超過(guò)0.7%時(shí),在3.5%Na Cl溶液中動(dòng)電位極化時(shí),陽(yáng)極出現(xiàn)“鈍化”現(xiàn)象,并且隨著Cr含量的增加,其維鈍電位范圍逐漸增大,且其維鈍電流密度逐漸減小。鋼中加入Cr、Ni等元素時(shí),其自腐蝕電位總體偏高,隨著Cr、Ni、Cu、Mn等含量的加入,鋼發(fā)生腐蝕的傾向性越小;鋼的純凈度越高,也即鋼中S、O等含量越低,其腐蝕電流密度越小,也即鋼發(fā)生腐蝕的速率越慢。另外,隨著Mn含量的增加,在腐蝕后期,Mn-Cu的協(xié)同作用改善了銹層結(jié)構(gòu),增強(qiáng)了銹層與基體的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度,改進(jìn)了銹層的離子選擇性,從而降低腐蝕后期腐蝕速率。對(duì)試驗(yàn)鋼的周浸腐蝕試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明:隨著鋼中C含量的減少,Cr、Ni、Cu、Mn含量的增加,其腐蝕速率明顯減小;合金元素的添加使銹層結(jié)構(gòu)得到了改善,內(nèi)銹層中的裂紋與孔洞減少,銹層致密增厚,且與基體的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度提高;合金元素的協(xié)同作用抑制了β-Fe OOH的生成、促使銹的非晶化和更多γ-Fe OOH、Fe3O4的生成,改善了銹的組成,從而提高耐蝕性能。對(duì)試驗(yàn)鋼的鹽霧腐蝕試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明:鋼中加入Cr、Ni、Cu、Mn等合金元素,在蝕坑處富集形成難溶物質(zhì)使合金耐腐蝕性得以提升。銹層耐蝕性與銹層結(jié)構(gòu)密切相關(guān),在腐蝕初期,銹層中γ-Fe OOH衍射強(qiáng)度較高,α-Fe OOH衍射強(qiáng)度較低,因此其腐蝕速率在剛開(kāi)始時(shí)總體上呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì);在腐蝕后期,γ-Fe OOH逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為α-Fe OOH,γ-Fe OOH逐漸消失,α-Fe OOH/γ-Fe OOH比值迅速增大,因此腐蝕速率迅速下降。綜上所述,本文探討了合金元素的添加對(duì)腐蝕性能的影響規(guī)律,為耐蝕鋼筋的合金元素設(shè)計(jì)了提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of the pace of economic modernization in China, some requirements have been put forward for the high strength and corrosion resistance of iron and steel materials. In this paper, weathering steel and carbon steel are used as test objects, the corrosion behavior of test material is analyzed and evaluated by electrochemical method, and accelerated corrosion test of test steel is carried out by using cycle immersion and salt spray. The corrosion law of the composition in chloride environment was discussed, and the morphology and structure of rust layer under different accelerated corrosion conditions were determined by scanning electron microscope and XRD diffractometer. The electrochemical results of the test steel show that when the content of Cr in the steel exceeds 0.7, the anodic "passivation" occurs when the dynamic potential is polarized in the 3.5%Na Cl solution, and with the increase of the content of Cr, the range of the potential is gradually increased. And the density of blunt current decreases gradually. With the addition of Cr,Ni and other elements, the corrosion potential of steel is generally higher. With the addition of Cr,Ni,Cu,Mn and other elements, the corrosion tendency of steel is smaller, and the purity of steel is higher, that is, the lower the content of Cr,Ni in steel, the smaller the corrosion current density. In other words, the rate of corrosion of steel is slower. In addition, with the increase of Mn content, the synergistic action of Mn-Cu improves the structure of rust layer, enhances the bonding strength between rust layer and substrate, and improves the ion selectivity of rust layer, thus reducing the corrosion rate in late corrosion period. The results show that the corrosion rate of steel decreases with the decrease of C content, the increase of Cr,Ni,Cu,Mn content, the improvement of rust layer structure with the addition of alloying elements, and the decrease of cracks and pores in the inner rust layer. The rust layer is densified and thickened, and the bonding strength with the matrix is increased, and the synergistic effect of alloy elements inhibits the formation of 尾-Fe OOH, promotes the formation of amorphous rust and more 緯-Fe OOH,Fe3O4, improves the composition of rust and improves the corrosion resistance. The results of salt spray corrosion test of the test steel show that the corrosion resistance of the alloy can be improved by adding Cr,Ni,Cu,Mn and other alloy elements in the corrosion pit to form insoluble material. The corrosion resistance of rust layer is closely related to the structure of rust layer. At the beginning of corrosion, the diffraction intensity of 緯-Fe OOH is higher and the diffraction intensity of 偽-Fe OOH is lower in the rusty layer. At the late stage of corrosion, 緯-Fe OOH was gradually transformed into 偽-Fe OOH, 緯-Fe OOH, and the ratio of 偽-Fe OOH/ 緯-Fe OOH increased rapidly, so the corrosion rate decreased rapidly. To sum up, the influence of alloy elements on corrosion resistance is discussed in this paper, which provides a basis for the design of alloy elements of corrosion-resistant steel bars.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG172

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