【摘要】：目前,管錐螺紋修復(fù)加工過程中的對刀檢測方式主要以人工手動檢測為主,該方式不但檢測效率低,且精度也難以保證。本文針對螺紋對刀檢測中存在的難題,提出了一種基于霍爾傳感器的非接觸式在機(jī)測量方法,并設(shè)計(jì)了配套的測量系統(tǒng),對比以往的測量方法,上述方法具有效率高、成本低、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),為實(shí)現(xiàn)螺紋自動化修復(fù)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。首先,在對螺紋修復(fù)對刀原理和霍爾傳感器測量原理進(jìn)行深入研究的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了霍爾傳感器測量螺紋的原理,并論證了將霍爾旋轉(zhuǎn)位置傳感芯片應(yīng)用于管錐螺紋測量的可行性。之后,根據(jù)螺紋實(shí)際測量要求,確定了本測量系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)方案,完成了單片機(jī)的選型及其硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì),并根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的控制要求,完成了通信系統(tǒng)的程序設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了傳感器測量數(shù)據(jù)的采集與存儲。其次,在數(shù)控管螺紋修復(fù)車床的基礎(chǔ)上,搭建了管錐螺紋在機(jī)測量實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,通過對比實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了測量速度、測量方向、測量距離、永磁體的形狀和位置等因素對測量數(shù)據(jù)的影響,最終根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)劣程度,確定了本實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺的最優(yōu)測量條件。最后,通過分析現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,結(jié)合螺紋截面廓型測量數(shù)據(jù)特征,提出了基于窗口數(shù)據(jù)均值偏差的自適應(yīng)平滑算法去除噪聲干擾,再根據(jù)平滑后數(shù)據(jù)的線性分布規(guī)律確定局部擬合窗口寬度,并利用最小二乘法對窗口數(shù)據(jù)局部擬合、求取螺紋特征點(diǎn)參數(shù)。將上述算法編入單片機(jī)中進(jìn)行聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試,通過調(diào)試結(jié)果與實(shí)際計(jì)算結(jié)果的對比分析,驗(yàn)證了算法程序的正確性,確定了系統(tǒng)的測量精度。本研究旨在通過在機(jī)測量螺紋軸截面廓型,實(shí)現(xiàn)螺紋的自動化加工和修復(fù)過程,提高螺紋修復(fù)加工效率、降低工人勞動強(qiáng)度,使數(shù)控螺紋修復(fù)車床能夠承擔(dān)更多的螺紋加工和修復(fù)任務(wù)。
[Abstract]:At present, manual inspection is the main method of tool checking in the process of repairing pipe taper thread, which is not only low efficiency, but also difficult to ensure precision. In this paper, a non-contact in-machine measuring method based on Hall sensor is put forward, and the matching measurement system is designed. The method has high efficiency and low cost compared with the previous measurement methods. Strong anti-interference ability and other advantages, for the realization of automatic thread repair laid the foundation. First of all, on the basis of deep research on the principle of thread repair tool and the measuring principle of Hall sensor, the principle of measuring thread with Hall sensor is analyzed. The feasibility of applying Hall rotating position sensor chip to the measurement of tube taper thread is demonstrated. After that, according to the requirement of thread measurement, the system scheme of the measurement system is determined, and the selection of single chip microcomputer and the design of hardware circuit are completed. According to the control requirements of the system, the program design of the communication system is completed. The acquisition and storage of sensor measurement data are realized. Secondly, on the basis of the repairing lathe of multi-control pipe thread, an experimental platform for measuring pipe taper thread in machine is built, and the measuring speed, direction and distance are analyzed through comparative experiments. The influence of the shape and position of the permanent magnet on the measured data is discussed. Finally, the optimal measurement conditions of the experimental platform are determined according to the quality of the data. Finally, an adaptive smoothing algorithm based on the mean deviation of window data is proposed to remove noise by analyzing the existing data processing methods and combining with the characteristics of the measured data of thread cross-section profile. According to the linear distribution of the smooth data, the width of the local fitting window is determined, and the local fitting of the window data is made by using the least square method, and the parameters of the thread feature point are obtained. The algorithm is programmed to the single-chip microcomputer for on-line debugging. The correctness of the algorithm program is verified by comparing the debugging results with the actual calculation results, and the measuring accuracy of the system is determined. The purpose of this study is to realize the automatic machining and repairing process of thread, improve the efficiency of thread repair and reduce the labor intensity of workers by measuring the section profile of thread shaft in the machine. CNC thread repair lathe can undertake more thread processing and repair tasks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG85

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