基于壓痕隆起量的殘余應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
[Abstract]:In the process of machining, the inhomogeneous plastic deformation caused by the change of external force and temperature is the main cause of the residual stress, and the residual stress has a great influence on the mechanical behavior and service life of the material. The indentation method has been widely used in measuring the mechanical properties and residual stresses of materials because of its advantages of simplicity, rapidity and microdamage. But up to now, the indentation method can only obtain the average stress of one measuring point, and can not obtain the stress component and direction of the residual stress. Therefore, in this paper, a new indentation detection and analysis technique is explored from the aspects of experiment and simulation to measure the magnitude and direction of residual stress in general stress state. In indentation test, due to the plastic deformation of the material, there will be material accumulation and subsidence around the indentation. It is found that the amount of deformation after indentation unloading, especially the maximum uplift around the indentation, is related to the magnitude and direction of residual stress. In order to obtain the quantitative relationship between the maximum uplift quantity and the residual stress, the finite element analysis method is used to analyze and calculate the different residual stress combinations under the spherical indentation condition. The bilinear quantitative relationship between the residual stress and the uplift is obtained. The general rule that the tensile residual stress makes the uplift smaller and the compressive residual stress makes the uplift larger is obtained. In the research of the direction of residual stress, it is found that the direction of maximum uplift is the same as the direction of plane maximum stress, and the direction perpendicular to the direction of maximum uplift is the direction of plane minimum stress. In addition, by extracting the off-plane displacement data of indentation periphery, the simulated interference fringes are formed according to the principle of interference, which are compared with the experimental interference fringes of related literature and are highly consistent in shape. In order to verify the correctness of the simulation results, an experimental device which can apply uniaxial and biaxial stresses is designed and manufactured. After applying the known stress to the specimen, the static indentation experiment was carried out on the indentation machine with a Brinell indenter with diameter of 2.5mm and a constant pressure. After unloading, the contours of indentation surface were measured by high precision laser confocal method. The theoretical and simulation results are verified by experiments, that is, the bilinear relationship between residual stress and uplift. The experimental results show that the residual stress can be characterized by indentation uplift after unloading. In addition, the impact indentation test was carried out on the specimens under different stress states by using the KJS-3 impact indentation generating device of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and then the contours after unloading were measured by optical method. The results show that there is a similar rule between the amount of indentation uplift and the residual stress after unloading under the condition of impact indentation and static indentation. Based on the results of theoretical simulation and experimental analysis, a general empirical formula between indentation uplift and two-dimensional residual stress is presented in this paper. Based on this formula, the direction of two-dimensional residual stress and the size of each component can be calculated directly from the uplift of indentation test. The accuracy of the proposed method depends largely on the accuracy of 3D contour measurement. Therefore, three non-contact full-field contour measurement methods, namely laser triangulation method, tomography focusing method and projection fringe method, are studied in this paper. The optical method is used to accurately measure the uplift around the indentation after unloading. Based on Brinell indentation test, a new complete method for measuring two-dimensional residual stress is presented in this paper. This method can quickly and accurately measure the residual stress inside the object, and its precision can meet the needs of engineering application. It provides a new measurement and analysis technique for the evaluation of the surface performance and residual life of the components.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:TG115
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