發(fā)布時間：2018-08-23 14:28

【摘要】：機床導軌作為機床的關(guān)鍵功能部件,對機床性能的提升起著重要作用。目前,由于滾珠導軌具有低摩擦、高承載、高剛度、易安裝等優(yōu)點,被廣泛應用于機床上,但滾珠導軌的抗振性差。液體靜壓導軌具有比滾珠導軌更好的阻尼特性和運動精度,但傳統(tǒng)液體靜壓導軌成本較高、空間占用大、安裝調(diào)試困難、通用性差。因此本文綜合兩種導軌的優(yōu)點設(shè)計了一種緊湊型油靜壓導軌,并對該類型靜壓導軌進行了系列化設(shè)計和動靜特性分析。本文以液體靜壓導軌設(shè)計原理為理論依據(jù),以上銀滾珠導軌結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸為系列化設(shè)計參數(shù),設(shè)計了三個系列緊湊型油靜壓導軌(JC45、JC55和JC65),并設(shè)計了靜壓支承的重要部件節(jié)流器,該節(jié)流器為節(jié)流比可調(diào)縫隙節(jié)流器,節(jié)流比調(diào)節(jié)范圍為1.5～3。此外,基于液體靜壓支承理論對緊湊型油靜壓導軌單滑塊的性能進行了分析,結(jié)果顯示不同系列緊湊型油靜壓導軌單滑塊的承載力和剛度性能隨導軌系列數(shù)的增大而增大,且變化關(guān)系呈非線性�；诮Y(jié)構(gòu)件的彈性變形理論和流體潤滑理論,建立了緊湊型靜壓導軌單滑塊的流固耦合剛度模型。通過對模型的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)中的變形導致了剛度性能的下降。然后,從改變滑塊結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、補償結(jié)構(gòu)變形和調(diào)節(jié)節(jié)流比三個方面討論了減小變形對剛度性能的影響,分析顯示增加滑塊寬度能有效減小滑塊變形,補償變形量能有效提高導軌剛度,當變形對節(jié)流比的影響較小時,調(diào)節(jié)節(jié)流比對導軌剛度的影響不明顯。通過將油墊等效為彈簧-阻尼系統(tǒng),建立了緊湊型靜壓導軌多滑塊支承工作臺的動力學模型。研究了同一系列緊湊型油靜壓導軌不同尺寸工作臺及不同系列緊湊型靜壓導軌工作臺的動靜剛度以及階躍響應時間。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同系列相同尺寸的工作臺的動靜剛度及階躍響應時間隨導軌系列數(shù)的增大而增大,對于相同系列工作臺,改變工作臺的特定尺寸可以改變工作臺在特定方向上的動靜性能及響應時間,且結(jié)構(gòu)越大動靜剛度越大,工作臺的階躍響應時間也越長。
[Abstract]:As the key functional part of machine tool, the guide rail plays an important role in improving the performance of machine tool. At present, ball guide rail is widely used in machine tools because of its advantages of low friction, high bearing capacity, high stiffness and easy installation, but the vibration resistance of ball guide rail is poor. The hydrostatic guide rail has better damping characteristics and motion accuracy than the ball guide rail, but the traditional hydrostatic guide rail has the advantages of high cost, large space occupation, difficult installation and debugging, and poor versatility. Therefore, a compact oil hydrostatic guide is designed based on the advantages of the two kinds of guide rails, and the series design and dynamic and static characteristics of this type of hydrostatic guide rail are analyzed. Based on the design principle of hydrostatic guide rail and the series design parameters of the silver ball guide rail, three series of compact oil hydrostatic guide rails (JC45, JC55 and JC65) are designed in this paper, and an important component throttle for hydrostatic support is designed. The throttle is a throttle ratio adjustable slot throttle, the throttle ratio adjustment range is 1.5 ~ 3. In addition, based on the theory of hydrostatic pressure support, the performance of single slide block of compact oil hydrostatic guide rail is analyzed. The results show that the bearing capacity and stiffness performance of single slide block of different series of compact oil hydrostatic guide rail increase with the increase of the number of guide rail series. The relation of variation is nonlinear. Based on the elastic deformation theory and fluid lubrication theory of structural parts, the fluid-solid coupling stiffness model of single slider of compact hydrostatic guideway is established. Through the analysis of the model, it is found that the deformation in the structure leads to the degradation of the stiffness performance. Then, the influence of reducing deformation on stiffness performance is discussed from three aspects: changing the structural parameters of the slider, compensating the structural deformation and adjusting the throttling ratio. The analysis shows that increasing the width of the slider can effectively reduce the deformation of the slider. The stiffness of guide rail can be improved effectively by compensating deformation. When the effect of deformation on throttle ratio is small, the influence of adjusting throttle ratio on the stiffness of guide rail is not obvious. By equivalent the oil cushion to the spring-damping system, the dynamic model of the compact hydrostatic guide rail with multi-slider supporting worktable is established. The static and dynamic stiffness and step response time of the same series of compact hydrostatic guide rail with different sizes and different series of compact hydrostatic guide rail worktables are studied. It is found that the dynamic and static stiffness and step response time of different series of worktables of the same size increase with the increase of the number of guide rail series. Changing the specific size of the table can change the dynamic and dynamic performance and response time of the table in a particular direction, and the larger the structure, the greater the dynamic and static stiffness, and the longer the step response time of the table is.
【學位授予單位】：山東科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG502

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