鋁銅攪拌摩擦焊搭接接頭的組織性能及金屬遷移行為研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-28 18:30
【摘要】：1060鋁合金和T2紫銅以其良好的物理力學(xué)性能而被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域,鋁-銅異種金屬的連接也是國內(nèi)外研究的熱點之一。攪拌摩擦焊作為一種金屬固相連接方法,常用于連接鋁、鎂、銅等有色金屬。鋁銅異種金屬攪拌摩擦搭接焊工藝目前尚處于實驗研究階段,對鋁銅異種金屬搭接接頭中金屬遷移行為的研究報道還不多。研究并創(chuàng)新鋁銅攪拌摩擦焊搭接工藝,對于1060鋁合金和T2紫銅應(yīng)用的推廣具有基礎(chǔ)意義,研究接頭金屬流動行為對提高接頭性能具有指導(dǎo)意義。本文采用攪拌摩擦焊工藝對厚度6mm的1060鋁合金板材和2mm的T2紫銅板材進行搭接試驗,其中采用銅鋁板材進行第一次搭接形成Ⅰ次焊縫,在鋁-銅雙層接頭基礎(chǔ)上進行第二次焊接,形成銅-鋁-銅三層接頭,第二次搭接的焊縫稱為Ⅱ次焊縫。通過改變焊接工藝參數(shù)、搭接材料組合以及攪拌針的長度,研究鋁銅搭接接頭的組織形貌、力學(xué)性能和金屬流動行為。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):攪拌頭旋轉(zhuǎn)速率n=800rpm,焊接速度v=90mm/min參數(shù)下得到表面成形良好的焊縫;n=1100rpm,v=80mm/min時,焊縫剪切強度達(dá)到鋁母材抗剪強度的96.5%,銅母材的43.4%。焊縫中發(fā)生共晶反應(yīng)生成金屬間化合物CuAl2和Cu9Al4。在銅-鋁-銅三層接頭中,二次焊接擴大了接頭中高硬度組織的區(qū)域,提高了硬度峰值。Ⅱ次焊縫宏觀缺陷比Ⅰ次焊縫多,抗剪強度普遍低于Ⅰ次焊縫。材料厚度一定時,攪拌針越長,焊縫成形性和接頭強度越差。對搭接接頭試樣的橫截面、縱截面、軸肩摩擦平面和鋁銅界面平面進行金屬流動行為分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在焊縫厚度方向塑性金屬遷移分為三個區(qū)域:軸肩擾動區(qū)金屬做水平圓周運動,紊流區(qū)金屬發(fā)生垂直方向的對流運動,攪拌區(qū)金屬發(fā)生橢圓形環(huán)流。在軸肩摩擦平面,塑性金屬一方面在前進側(cè)沿徑向遷移,一方面受軸肩推動向焊接方向遷移。在鋁銅界面平面,大量的鋁銅相互遷移形成混合組織,混合組織發(fā)生短距離的徑向遷移。二次焊接使焊縫截面紊流區(qū)混合組織減少,使鋁銅界面平面金屬徑向遷移距離變小,遷移至母材中的顆粒狀銅增多。在焊縫截面,攪拌針越長上層金屬向下遷移距離越小。在焊縫軸肩摩擦平面,攪拌針越長,金屬沿徑向遷移的距離越大,在鋁銅界面平面,攪拌針越長,金屬流動性越差,沿徑向遷移的距離更小且更不均勻。
[Abstract]:1060 aluminum alloy and T2 copper are widely used in the industrial field because of their good physical and mechanical properties. The connection of aluminum and copper dissimilar metals is also one of the hot research topics at home and abroad. Friction stir welding (FSW), as a solid metal bonding method, is often used to connect non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium and copper. The friction stir welding process of aluminum and copper dissimilar metals is still in the experimental stage, and there are few reports on the metal transfer behavior in the aluminum copper dissimilar metal lap joints. The study and innovation of aluminum copper friction stir welding lap welding technology is of fundamental significance for the application of 1060 aluminum alloy and T2 copper, and the study of metal flow behavior of joints is of guiding significance to improve the joint properties. In this paper, friction stir welding (FSW) is used to test 1060 aluminum alloy plate with thickness 6mm and T2 copper plate with 2mm thickness. The second welding is carried out on the basis of Al-Cu double layer joint to form the Cu-Al-Cu three-layer joint. The second lap weld is called the second weld. The microstructure, mechanical properties and metal flow behavior of Al-Cu lap joints were studied by changing the welding process parameters, lap material combinations and the length of agitated needles. The results show that the shear strength of the weld can reach 96.5mm of the aluminum base metal and 43.4 of the copper base metal under the rotating rate of the stirring head n = 800rpm, and the welding speed of v=90mm/min. The weld seam with good surface forming is obtained when the weld surface is formed at 80mm / min. The shear strength of the weld is 96.5mm / min of the aluminum base metal, and that of the copper base metal is 43.4mm / min. The intermetallic compounds CuAl2 and Cu9Al4were formed by eutectic reaction in the weld. In the copper-aluminum-copper three-layer joint, the area of high hardness microstructure in the joint was enlarged by secondary welding, and the peak hardness was increased. The macroscopic defect of the second weld was more than that of the first weld, and the shear strength was generally lower than that of the first weld. When the material thickness is constant, the longer the stirring needle is, the worse the weld formability and joint strength are. The metal flow behavior in the cross section, longitudinal section, shoulder friction plane and aluminum copper interface plane of the lap joint specimen is analyzed. It is found that the plastic metal migration in the weld thickness direction is divided into three regions: the horizontal circular movement of the metal in the axial shoulder disturbance zone. In turbulent region, the convection movement of metal in vertical direction and the elliptical circulation of metal in agitated zone occur. In the axial shoulder friction plane, the plastic metal moves along the radial direction at the forward side on the one hand, and to the welding direction on the other hand by the shaft shoulder. In the interface plane of aluminum and copper, a large number of aluminum and copper migrated to form mixed structure, and the mixed structure moved in a short distance. Secondary welding reduces the mixed microstructure in turbulent zone of weld section, reduces the radial migration distance of planar metal at the interface between aluminum and copper, and increases the amount of granular copper migrating to the base metal. In the weld section, the longer the stirring needle is, the smaller the downward migration distance of the upper metal is. In the friction plane of weld shaft shoulder, the longer the stirring needle, the longer the distance of metal moving along the radial direction. In the plane of Al-Cu interface, the longer the stirring needle is, the worse the metal fluidity is, and the smaller and more uneven the distance along the radial migration is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG453.9
本文編號：2151224
[Abstract]:1060 aluminum alloy and T2 copper are widely used in the industrial field because of their good physical and mechanical properties. The connection of aluminum and copper dissimilar metals is also one of the hot research topics at home and abroad. Friction stir welding (FSW), as a solid metal bonding method, is often used to connect non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium and copper. The friction stir welding process of aluminum and copper dissimilar metals is still in the experimental stage, and there are few reports on the metal transfer behavior in the aluminum copper dissimilar metal lap joints. The study and innovation of aluminum copper friction stir welding lap welding technology is of fundamental significance for the application of 1060 aluminum alloy and T2 copper, and the study of metal flow behavior of joints is of guiding significance to improve the joint properties. In this paper, friction stir welding (FSW) is used to test 1060 aluminum alloy plate with thickness 6mm and T2 copper plate with 2mm thickness. The second welding is carried out on the basis of Al-Cu double layer joint to form the Cu-Al-Cu three-layer joint. The second lap weld is called the second weld. The microstructure, mechanical properties and metal flow behavior of Al-Cu lap joints were studied by changing the welding process parameters, lap material combinations and the length of agitated needles. The results show that the shear strength of the weld can reach 96.5mm of the aluminum base metal and 43.4 of the copper base metal under the rotating rate of the stirring head n = 800rpm, and the welding speed of v=90mm/min. The weld seam with good surface forming is obtained when the weld surface is formed at 80mm / min. The shear strength of the weld is 96.5mm / min of the aluminum base metal, and that of the copper base metal is 43.4mm / min. The intermetallic compounds CuAl2 and Cu9Al4were formed by eutectic reaction in the weld. In the copper-aluminum-copper three-layer joint, the area of high hardness microstructure in the joint was enlarged by secondary welding, and the peak hardness was increased. The macroscopic defect of the second weld was more than that of the first weld, and the shear strength was generally lower than that of the first weld. When the material thickness is constant, the longer the stirring needle is, the worse the weld formability and joint strength are. The metal flow behavior in the cross section, longitudinal section, shoulder friction plane and aluminum copper interface plane of the lap joint specimen is analyzed. It is found that the plastic metal migration in the weld thickness direction is divided into three regions: the horizontal circular movement of the metal in the axial shoulder disturbance zone. In turbulent region, the convection movement of metal in vertical direction and the elliptical circulation of metal in agitated zone occur. In the axial shoulder friction plane, the plastic metal moves along the radial direction at the forward side on the one hand, and to the welding direction on the other hand by the shaft shoulder. In the interface plane of aluminum and copper, a large number of aluminum and copper migrated to form mixed structure, and the mixed structure moved in a short distance. Secondary welding reduces the mixed microstructure in turbulent zone of weld section, reduces the radial migration distance of planar metal at the interface between aluminum and copper, and increases the amount of granular copper migrating to the base metal. In the weld section, the longer the stirring needle is, the smaller the downward migration distance of the upper metal is. In the friction plane of weld shaft shoulder, the longer the stirring needle, the longer the distance of metal moving along the radial direction. In the plane of Al-Cu interface, the longer the stirring needle is, the worse the metal fluidity is, and the smaller and more uneven the distance along the radial migration is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG453.9
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