【摘要】：機(jī)械設(shè)備穩(wěn)定高效的運(yùn)行是保證生產(chǎn)安全和生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的重要前提,生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)和故障診斷具有極高的實(shí)際意義和研究?jī)r(jià)值,對(duì)設(shè)備準(zhǔn)確的趨勢(shì)預(yù)報(bào)、故障診斷和維修決策不僅可以降低設(shè)備的維護(hù)成本,更可以降低設(shè)備發(fā)生事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。離心式壓縮機(jī)作為一種重要的能量轉(zhuǎn)化裝置,在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用,它的工作狀態(tài)和運(yùn)行可靠性,對(duì)整個(gè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)有著重要的影響。離心式壓縮機(jī)作為一種旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械,其轉(zhuǎn)子的工作狀況對(duì)壓縮機(jī)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行有較大的影響。造成離心壓縮機(jī)故障的原因有很多種,加工誤差、介質(zhì)腐蝕、材料特性機(jī)械損傷、激振、顫振、喘振、磨損等都是影響離心壓縮機(jī)正常工作的主要原因。本文中主要以油膜渦動(dòng)、喘振、轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡三種離心式壓縮機(jī)典型故障為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)壓縮機(jī)故障狀態(tài)下徑向振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析,研究其振動(dòng)特性,并以此作為故障診斷的依據(jù),進(jìn)一步研究蟻群算法在離心式壓縮機(jī)故障診斷中的應(yīng)用。蟻群式算法是一種啟發(fā)式仿生算法,具有較強(qiáng)的模式識(shí)別能力,可對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行聚類分析。本文運(yùn)用MATLAB建立蟻群算法模型,并進(jìn)行模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行特征分析,通過(guò)對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承的故障診斷,驗(yàn)證蟻群算法在旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷中的可行性,研究其診斷特性,并將診斷方法進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化延伸,對(duì)離心式壓縮機(jī)實(shí)際故障工況進(jìn)行分析和故障診斷,將診斷結(jié)果與實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行對(duì)比,其診斷效果良好,程序運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確。
[Abstract]:The stable and efficient operation of mechanical equipment is an important prerequisite to ensure production safety and production quality. The dynamic monitoring and fault diagnosis of production equipment is of great practical significance and research value. Fault diagnosis and maintenance decision can not only reduce the maintenance cost of equipment, but also reduce the risk of accidents. Centrifugal compressor, as an important energy conversion device, has been widely used in the industrial field. Its working state and operational reliability have an important impact on the whole production system. As a kind of rotating machinery, the working condition of centrifugal compressor rotor has great influence on the stable operation of compressor. There are many causes of centrifugal compressor failure, such as machining error, medium corrosion, mechanical damage of material characteristics, excitation, flutter, surge, wear and so on, which are the main reasons that affect the normal operation of centrifugal compressor. In this paper, three typical faults of centrifugal compressor, such as oil film vortex, surge and rotor unbalance, are studied. The vibration characteristics of centrifugal compressor are studied by analyzing the radial vibration signal of compressor under the condition of fault. As the basis of fault diagnosis, the application of ant colony algorithm in fault diagnosis of centrifugal compressor is further studied. Ant colony algorithm is a heuristic bionic algorithm which has strong pattern recognition ability and can be used for data clustering analysis. In this paper, MATLAB is used to establish ant colony algorithm model, and simulation experiments are carried out to analyze the characteristics of measured vibration data. Through fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, the feasibility of ant colony algorithm in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is verified. The diagnosis characteristic is studied, and the diagnosis method is further optimized and extended, and the actual fault condition of centrifugal compressor is analyzed and diagnosed. The result of diagnosis is compared with the actual situation, and the diagnosis effect is good and the program runs stably. The result is accurate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.21

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本文編號(hào)：2422444