【摘要】：球磨機作為一種物料磨粉裝備，因其具備破碎比大、穩(wěn)定性好、適應性強等優(yōu)點被廣泛應用到礦山、冶金、化工等領域。由于生產力的需要以及技術發(fā)展的推動，球磨機大型化逐漸成為一種發(fā)展趨勢。靜壓軸承是大型球磨機的核心部件，研究靜壓軸承的承載能力、穩(wěn)定性及可靠性對保障球磨機安全可靠的運行具有重要意義。 本文基于國家自然科學基金項目（51265020）對大型球磨機靜壓軸承承載油膜與調心軸襯進行了研究，分析了潤滑油粘溫特性、中空軸偏轉以及軸襯曲面曲率等多種因素對球磨機靜壓軸承承載性能的影響。主要研究工作與結論如下： （1）基于平行平板縫隙流體模型建立了靜壓軸承油膜簡化模型，獲得了油膜承載能力與液壓油壓力、流量、油膜厚度之間的關系。然后建立了靜壓軸承油膜CFD仿真模型，并將仿真結果與簡化模型計算結果進行了對比。對比結果：常粘度情況下相同油膜厚度CFD仿真計算得到的液壓油流量約為簡化模型流量的1.09倍；變粘度情況下相同油膜厚度仿真計算得到的液壓油流量約為簡化模型流量的1.10倍。 （2）通過CFD仿真獲得了靜壓軸承油膜壓力場、溫度場以及流量、速度等油膜特性，分析了液壓油粘溫效應、油膜厚度、中空軸轉速以及中空軸偏轉對油膜壓力場、溫度場以及流量、速度的影響，得到了相關參數(shù)與油膜壓力場、溫度場以及流量、速度的關系。分析結果顯示中空軸偏轉對靜壓軸承油膜壓力場與溫度場分布影響較為明顯，隨著偏轉角度的增大油膜壓力場產生不均勻分布，對軸瓦表面產生偏轉力矩。 （3）建立了軸承軸襯-軸承座接觸簡化模型，通過計算獲得軸襯-軸承座接觸面接觸壓力。然后建立了軸襯-軸承座有限元仿真模型，軟件仿真求解接觸面接觸壓力并將所得最大接觸壓力與簡化模型計算結果進行比較，驗證了計算結果的準確性。 （4）基于有限元仿真結果研究了不同軸向曲面曲率半徑與徑向曲面曲率半徑對軸襯與軸承座接觸性能的影響，并分析了曲面曲率與調心位移量、調心力矩之間的關系。然后建立了帶有軸襯偏轉的軸襯-軸承座有限元仿真模型，分析了軸襯偏轉對接觸壓力、接觸面積的影響。計算結果表明：軸向曲率半徑對軸向接觸壓力與接觸寬度影響顯著，軸向曲率的增大可以明顯降低最大接觸壓力，但增加了調心位移量；而徑向曲率半徑對徑向接觸壓力與接觸長度影響顯著，可以明顯降低最大接觸壓力，但調心力矩也會因此受到影響。
[Abstract]:As a kind of material grinding equipment, ball mill has been widely used in mining, metallurgy, chemical industry and other fields because of its advantages of high crushing ratio, good stability and strong adaptability. Due to the need of productivity and the promotion of technology development, the large-scale ball mill has gradually become a trend of development. Static bearing is the core part of large ball mill. It is of great significance to study the bearing capacity, stability and reliability of hydrostatic bearing to ensure the safe and reliable operation of ball mill. In this paper, based on the project of National Natural Science Foundation (51265020), the oil film and centering liner of the hydrostatic bearing of large ball mill are studied, and the viscosity and temperature characteristics of lubricating oil are analyzed. The influence of hollow shaft deflection and surface curvature on the bearing capacity of hydrostatic bearing of ball mill. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the parallel plate slit fluid model, the simplified oil film model of hydrostatic bearing is established, and the relationship between oil film bearing capacity and hydraulic pressure, flow rate and oil film thickness is obtained. Then the CFD simulation model of hydrostatic bearing oil film is established, and the simulation results are compared with those of the simplified model. The results show that the hydraulic oil flow rate calculated by CFD simulation under the condition of constant viscosity is about 1.09 times that of the simplified model. Under the condition of variable viscosity, the hydraulic oil flow rate calculated by the same oil film thickness is about 1.10 times that of the simplified model. (2) the oil film characteristics such as pressure field, temperature field, flow rate and velocity of hydrostatic bearing are obtained by CFD simulation. The effects of oil film thickness, rotation speed of hollow axis and deflection of hollow axis on oil film pressure field, temperature field, flow rate and velocity are analyzed. The relationship between the relative parameters and oil film pressure field, temperature field, flow rate and velocity is obtained. The results show that the influence of hollow shaft deflection on the distribution of oil film pressure field and temperature field of hydrostatic bearing is obvious, and with the increase of deflection angle, the oil film pressure field is distributed unevenly. The deflection moment is produced on the bearing surface. (3) A simplified model of bearing bushing-bearing contact is established and the contact pressure of the bearing-bearing contact surface is obtained by calculation. Then the finite element simulation model of the bushing and bearing seat is established. The contact pressure of the contact surface is solved by software simulation and the calculated results of the maximum contact pressure are compared with those of the simplified model. The accuracy of the calculation results is verified. (4) based on the finite element simulation results, the effects of different radius of curvature of axial and radial surface on the contact performance of the shaft liner and the bearing are studied. The relationship between curvature, displacement and torque is analyzed. Then the finite element simulation model of the shaft liner bearing seat with the deflection of the shaft liner is established, and the influence of the deflection of the shaft liner on the contact pressure and contact area is analyzed. The calculated results show that the axial radius of curvature has a significant effect on the axial contact pressure and the contact width. The increase of axial curvature can obviously reduce the maximum contact pressure, but increase the centering displacement. The radial radius of curvature has a significant effect on the radial contact pressure and contact length, which can obviously reduce the maximum contact pressure, but the centering moment will also be affected.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ051.91

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