【摘要】：本文以南昌某工業(yè)園區(qū)的電鍍混合廢水作為研究對象,廢水的特質(zhì)為高濃度有機(jī)物含重金屬,其中各污染物及濃度為:COD 1400 mg/L,總鉻24.8 mg/L、六價(jià)鉻19.3 mg/L、銅101.5 mg/L、鎳5.7 mg/L。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對影響因素的研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的分析,確定去除污染物的最佳工藝參數(shù),為以后建立占地面積小、集合一體化、便于操作的污水處理設(shè)備提供工藝及數(shù)據(jù)方面的參考。針對高濃度有機(jī)物的處理,實(shí)驗(yàn)選定了紫外光/H2O2結(jié)合廢水中自有的Cu~(2+),在不需要額外添加催化劑的情況下,對COD進(jìn)行降解。針對重金屬處理時(shí),分別采用還原法和電絮凝兩種方法,降低廢水中Cr6+含量,再通過中和沉淀去除重金屬。通過紫外光/H2O2/Cu~(2+)去除有機(jī)物研究,最佳工藝參數(shù)設(shè)定為:光照催化時(shí)間為180 min、pH為3.7、雙氧水用量為80 mmol/L。經(jīng)處理后,COD的去除率為87.14%。通過還原/中和沉淀法去除重金屬的研究,Cr6+最佳去除條件:pH為3、Na2SO3用量為Cr6+質(zhì)量濃度的4.5倍、反應(yīng)時(shí)間不少于35 min。中和沉淀實(shí)驗(yàn)得出:機(jī)械攪拌60 r/min不少于8 min,pH控制在9.0~9.5之間時(shí),Cr3+去除效果最好;再調(diào)節(jié)pH在10~11之間,此時(shí)Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)去除效果最好。經(jīng)處理后,總鉻、Cr6+、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)對應(yīng)的去除率分別為95.65%、97.76%、96.86%、72.46%。研究有機(jī)物是否會影響重金屬去除時(shí),混合廢水先通過光催化處理,再通過還原/中和沉淀法處理后,總鉻、Cr6+、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的去除率分別為95.85%、97.82%、96.98%、72.98%。通過電絮凝法去除重金屬的研究,得出最佳工藝參數(shù)為:電流密度為5A/dm2、極板間距2 cm、pH=8、絮凝時(shí)間25~30 min。經(jīng)過處理后,總鉻、Cr6+、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的去除率分別為95.69%、97.46%、97.85%、78.25%。綜上所述,第一,廢水中有機(jī)物對重金屬的去除有一定的干擾;第二,比較電絮凝法與光催化/還原/中和沉淀法的處理效果,在總鉻、Cr6+方面的處理,光催化/還原法/中和沉淀聯(lián)合處理的處理效果較好,在Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)方面的處理,電絮凝的處理結(jié)果較好。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the electroplating mixed wastewater from an industrial park in Nanchang is studied. The characteristics of the wastewater are high concentration of organic matter containing heavy metals, in which the pollutants and concentrations are 1400 mg / L of COD, 24.8 mg / L of total chromium, 19.3 mg / L of hexavalent chromium, 101.5 mg / L of copper and 5.7 mg / L of nickel. Through the study of the influencing factors and the analysis of the experimental data, the optimum technological parameters for removing pollutants are determined, which can provide a reference for the establishment of a sewage treatment equipment with small area, integrated collection and easy operation in the future. Aiming at the treatment of high concentration organic matter, the Cu ~ (2) of UV / H _ 2O _ 2 combined wastewater was selected to degrade COD without the need of additional catalyst. In order to reduce the content of Cr6 in wastewater and remove heavy metals by neutralization and precipitation, two methods of reduction and electroflocculation were used to treat heavy metals. The removal of organic matter by UV / H _ 2O _ 2 / Cu ~ (2 +) was studied. The optimum technological parameters were as follows: the photocatalytic time was 180 min and pH was 3.7, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide was 80 mmol / L. After treatment, the removal rate of COD is 87.14%. Study on the removal of heavy Metals by reduction / Neutralization precipitation; the optimal removal condition of Cr _ 6 is: the dosage of Na _ 2SO _ 3 is 4.5 times of that of Cr6, and the reaction time is not less than 35 min. The results of neutralization and precipitation experiments showed that the removal efficiency of Cr _ 3 was the best when the pH was controlled between 9. 0 ~ 9. 5 and 10 ~ (11) for mechanical stirring for 60 r/min or more, and the best for Cu2 ~ (2) Ni ~ (2) removal when the pH was adjusted between 10 ~ 11 and 10 ~ (11). After treatment, the corresponding removal rates of Cr ~ (6) C ~ (2) Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) were 95.65 and 97.76 ~ (96.86) and 72.46 respectively. In order to study whether organic matter will affect the removal of heavy metals, the mixed wastewater is treated by photocatalytic treatment and then treated by reduction / neutralization precipitation method. The removal rates of total Cr ~ (6) Cr ~ (6) Cu ~ (2) C ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) are 95.85, 97.82, 96.98 and 72.98, respectively. The removal of heavy metals by electroflocculation was studied. The optimum parameters were obtained as follows: current density is 5A / dm ~ (2), polar plate spacing is 2 cm / m ~ (-1) pH ~ (-1), flocculation time is 2530 min. After treatment, the removal rates of total Cr ~ (6) Cr ~ (2) Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) were 95.699.46 ~ 97.85 and 78.25, respectively. To sum up, first, the organic matter in the wastewater has some interference with the removal of heavy metals; second, the treatment effect of electroflocculation and photocatalytic / reduction / neutralization precipitation is compared, and the treatment of total chromium Cr 6 is compared. The effect of photocatalytic / reduction / neutralization / precipitation treatment is better than that of Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) treatment, and the treatment result of electroflocculation is better than that of Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X781.1

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本文編號：2196262