氮化硅基陶瓷膜的制備及膜蒸餾應(yīng)用研究
[Abstract]:With the growth of world population and the improvement of industrialization level, people are constantly demanding energy, freshwater resources as a human survival necessities are also included in the goals of all countries. The long-term drought has affected people's daily drinking water problems in serious areas. It is urgent to solve the problem of water resources. Seawater desalination technology is an effective way to obtain fresh water resources. The huge seawater resources provide sufficient raw materials for seawater desalination. In recent years, the desalination industry has developed rapidly in the Middle East. The booming oil trade has provided it with a large amount of research funds. The extreme shortage of water resources has also forced the local people to invest a lot of manpower and resources to develop desalination. Membrane distillation process is an effective seawater desalination process, but it has not been fully implemented in industry since it was discovered in 1963. Recently, membrane engineering (such as membrane design, preparation and performance testing of membrane distillation) has attracted more and more attention, and membrane distillation technology has developed rapidly. The key point of distillation technology is the study of membrane materials. It is very important to find an effective, efficient and long-term membrane material for membrane distillation. Based on the previous research results of our laboratory, this paper focuses on highly stable non-oxide ceramic membranes. The preparation of ceramic membranes, surface modification, membrane distillation performance and other aspects of stable membrane distillation ceramic membranes are explored. It is divided into the following parts. The first chapter introduces the current situation of water resources, light. The urgency of water demand, the industrialization of seawater desalination process and the shortcomings of current seawater desalination process, the working principle of membrane distillation technology and the obstacles hindering the industrialization of membrane distillation process, the preparation and modification methods of ceramic membranes are described. Finally, the whole research idea is elaborated. Materials and instrumentation. Chapter 3 introduces the study of two parts: one is the formation and sintering of the membrane of the beta-Sialon ceramic fibers. Fiber membranes are successfully obtained by phase inversion extrusion molding with sintering. The stable and uniform slurry is obtained by the type, content and proportion of dispersants in the effective slurry, and the sintering temperature is adjusted. Silicon nitride and beta-Sialon ceramic flat membranes with high strength and high porosity were successfully obtained by optimizing the slurry ratio and sintering temperature. In the fourth chapter, the surface modification of ceramic membrane is introduced, and the membrane distillation process is tested for the modified ceramic membrane. The natural hydrophilicity of ceramic membrane makes it unsuitable for membrane distillation process. The surface modification process is a key step to improve its service life and make it have the potential of industrial production of fresh water. Suddenly, there are three modification methods: (1) surface grafting of fluorosilane molecules; (2) surface modification of chlorosilane pyrolysis pyrolysis pyrolysis inorganic nanoparticles; (3) surface polydimethylsiloxane pyrolysis modification. All three modification methods have successfully achieved the goal of surface modification, and all of them have the separation effect in the process of membrane distillation to obtain pure water. The grafting stability of fluorosilane is obviously inferior to that of pyrolysis modification. In the fifth chapter, the distillation flux of ceramic membrane is increased as much as possible on the basis of obtaining stable and practical ceramic membrane. The material transfer flux of ceramic membrane was increased by more than 50% during membrane distillation. The efficiency of membrane distillation was improved and the industrial application was further improved. In chapter 6, silicon nitride ceramics was successfully synthesized on the outer surface of silicon nitride hollow fiber tube membrane. The dense ZIF-8 gas separation membrane has been proved to be suitable for carbon dioxide adsorption and separation. The separation factors of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are 11.67. Chapter 7 summarizes the work in this paper and points out the shortcomings and prospects of the work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TQ051.893
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