【摘要】：鋁基模具在機(jī)械加工領(lǐng)域具有重要的應(yīng)用比例。其表面在應(yīng)用過(guò)程中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同程度的磨損、斷裂等失效現(xiàn)象,影響模具的使用效率和工作壽命。尤其是磨損失效中的表面粘附程度嚴(yán)重影響著產(chǎn)品的表面質(zhì)量。因此,降低模具材料表面的粘附作用是提高工作效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的重要措施。本文通過(guò)分析模具材料表面的失效機(jī)理,利用荷葉和水稻葉表面的特殊功能特性所給予的靈感,基于潤(rùn)濕性理論對(duì)模具材料表面的粘附問(wèn)題進(jìn)行初步探討。選用7075號(hào)鋁合金模具材料作為試驗(yàn)基體材料,利用電刷鍍技術(shù)在光滑基體表面均勻覆蓋一定厚度的鎳鍍層,金屬鎳鍍層的存在使表面的抗腐蝕能力提高1個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),表面硬度由基體96.4HV提高至400HV,但此時(shí)的表面表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的粘附作用。為此,試驗(yàn)將具有良好耐腐蝕的鎳鍍層表面進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行激光掃描加工。在電刷鍍-激光結(jié)合的復(fù)合加工方法作用下,“菜花狀”的凸包與溝槽的配合分布構(gòu)成表面的微觀復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。這種特殊的非光滑表面能夠在微觀結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)更多的外界空氣,在加工表面形成一層氣體薄膜,有效降低固體表面與外來(lái)物體的直接接觸。從潤(rùn)濕性的角度降低了表面的粘附程度,使鋁合金模具材料表面與產(chǎn)品之間的脫模過(guò)程變得更加順利成為可能,從而降低模具表面粘模問(wèn)題發(fā)生的機(jī)率。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),電刷鍍-激光結(jié)合方法的應(yīng)用,還能夠賦予材料表面優(yōu)異的耐腐蝕性能,抗腐蝕能力提高2~3個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),這為提高模具材料表面的綜合性能提供了一定的試驗(yàn)參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Aluminum-based die has an important application ratio in the field of mechanical processing. In the process of application, failure phenomena such as wear and fracture often occur on the surface, which affect the efficiency and service life of the die. Especially, the surface adhesion in wear failure seriously affects the surface quality of products. Therefore, it is an important measure to improve the working efficiency and product quality to reduce the adhesion on the surface of die materials. Based on the theory of wettability, this paper analyzes the failure mechanism of mould material surface, and discusses the adhesion problem of mould material surface based on the special functional characteristics of lotus leaf and rice leaf surface. The 7075 aluminum alloy mould material was selected as the base material of the test. The nickel coating was uniformly covered on the smooth substrate by brush plating technology. The corrosion resistance of the surface was improved by one order of magnitude because of the presence of the metal nickel coating. The surface hardness was increased from matrix 96.4HV to 400HV, but the surface exhibited strong adhesion at this time. Therefore, the surface of nickel coating with good corrosion resistance will be further processed by laser scanning. Under the combined processing method of brush plating and laser, the distribution of the convex hull and the groove of "cauliflower" formed the microstructure of the surface. This special non-smooth surface can store more external air in the microstructure and form a layer of gas film on the machined surface which can effectively reduce the direct contact between the solid surface and foreign objects. The adhesion degree of the surface is reduced from the point of wettability, which makes it possible for the process of demoulding between the surface of the aluminum alloy die material and the product to become more smooth, thus reducing the probability of the die sticking problem on the surface of the die. It is further found that the application of brush plating combined with laser method can also give excellent corrosion resistance to the surface of the material, and the corrosion resistance can be increased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. This provides a certain reference value for improving the comprehensive properties of die material surface.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ153.12

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