【摘要】：太陽能和風能是最有前景的替代能源,然而兩者的間斷性特征阻礙了其大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,因此需要開發(fā)新型儲能設(shè)備。材料是儲能設(shè)備發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵,炭材料被認為是新世紀最具前景的材料尤其是多孔炭材料,其多孔結(jié)構(gòu)及較大的比表面積能夠有效提高材料的電化學性能。相對于其他納米結(jié)構(gòu),球形材料具有更高的體積能量密度。如何有效的制備成為了球形多孔炭材料發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。針對上述問題,本論文提出了以乳液聚合技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),線性酚醛樹脂為碳源、硝酸銅為模板劑的多孔炭球的合成方法。通過SEM、TEM、 XRD、BET等一系列表征手段研究了樹脂微球的合成因素對最終炭微球形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,并通過恒流充放電、循環(huán)伏安和交流阻抗測試分析了孔徑分布對儲鋰和電容性能的影響。詳細探究了固化溫度,固化劑用量,溶劑的種類,有機溶劑和油相的比例以及酚醛樹脂濃度等合成參數(shù)對酚醛樹脂微球形成的影響,并研究成球機理。探索結(jié)果表明最優(yōu)微球合成條件為：固化溫度為150℃,酚醛樹脂與固化劑質(zhì)量比為1：0.14,乙醇和丙醇作為有機溶劑,有機溶劑和油相的體積比選擇1：2或1：3,酚醛樹脂的濃度不能太高或太低。在正丙醇體系中,通過調(diào)節(jié)硝酸銅模板劑的量制備了具有不同孔徑結(jié)構(gòu)的多孔炭球,并分析了多孔炭球形貌、孔結(jié)構(gòu)對儲鋰性能的影響。結(jié)果表明隨著硝酸銅用量的增加,微球的結(jié)構(gòu)更加疏松中孔含量越高,其儲鋰性能和倍率性能也隨之提高。銅負載量最多的炭微球(HPCM-4)表現(xiàn)出最優(yōu)異的儲鋰性能：電流密度為50mA g-1時,首次可逆容量達585 mA h g-1,循環(huán)70次后,容量依然穩(wěn)定在480mA h g-1,在1A g-1的電流密度下,其容量達200mAh g-1。研究了在乙醇體系中硝酸銅模板劑的加入量和炭化條件對多孔炭球形貌、孔結(jié)構(gòu)及其電容性能的影響。結(jié)果表明隨著硝酸銅加入量的增多,BET比表面積呈增大的趨勢,孔徑分布也不同。BET比表面積最高(424m2/g)中孔含量最多并且微孔主要集中在0.8nm左右的HPCM-4表現(xiàn)出最優(yōu)異的電容性能：O.1A g-1的電流密度下循環(huán)600次電容值穩(wěn)定在148F g-1,比表面積電容值達35F cm-2。在700℃保溫2h的炭化條件下得到的多孔炭球展現(xiàn)出最好的電容性能在O.1A g-1的電流密度下循環(huán)200次后電容值達159F g-1,比表面積電容值達37F cm-2。
[Abstract]:Solar energy and wind energy are the most promising alternative energy sources, but their intermittent characteristics hinder their large-scale application, so it is necessary to develop new energy storage equipment. Materials are the key to the development of energy storage equipment. Carbon materials are considered as the most promising materials in the new century, especially porous carbon materials. Its porous structure and large specific surface area can effectively improve the electrochemical properties of the materials. Compared with other nanostructures, spherical materials have higher bulk energy density. How to effectively prepare spherical porous carbon materials has become the key to the development. In order to solve the above problems, the synthesis method of porous carbon spheres based on emulsion polymerization technology, linear phenolic resin as carbon source and copper nitrate as template was proposed in this paper. The effects of the synthesis factors of resin microspheres on the morphology and structure of the final carbon microspheres were studied by a series of characterization methods, such as SEM-TEM, XRD- BET, etc. The influence of pore size distribution on the performance of lithium storage and capacitance was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance measurements. The effects of curing temperature, amount of curing agent, kinds of solvents, the ratio of organic solvent to oil phase and the concentration of phenolic resin on the formation of phenolic resin microspheres were studied in detail. The results show that the optimum conditions are as follows: curing temperature is 150 鈩，

本文編號：2170304